Preliminary Study of Pre-hospital Pain Management and Comparison of Pain Management Methods in Emergency Patients

Abstract

Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensation in the body or mind. Uncontrolled pain can increase mortality and morbidity with its negative physiological effects. Effective pain management especially in emergency conditions is essential to keep the patient in optimal conditions and to achieve good clinical results. As most of the injured and traumatic conscious patients with acute pain in emergency situations, need control and perfect pain management during transfer to hospital essential to feel satisfied and improve the quality of service and to decrease mortality and morbidity. Due to some limitation to use opioid drugs in pre-hospital systems, the goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of non-opioids drugs in different doses on pre-hospital emergency traumatic conscious patients. Methods: Infusion of 1 gr IV acetaminophen and 30 mg IV ketorolac were studied separately and in combination 500 mg acetaminophen and 15 mg ketorolac on 95 patients in three separate groups in the pre-hospital pain control system. Patient pain score was collected at 5 intervals. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the three groups in pain scores reduction finally (p> 0.05). The rate of pain reduction in emergency department is very important and these criteria was significant (p< 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the combination of ketorolac and acetaminophen reduces pain more rapidly than either alone. According to our findings we suggest a combination of apotel and ketorolac is injected in advance in moderate to severe conscious traumatic patient before any change in the position of patients if there are not any contraindications.

Keywords

• Acetaminophen
• Emergent patients
• Ketorolac
• Pain Score
• Pre-hospital