A unique case series of pediatric autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Abstract

Background: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a group of hematological disorders where there is autoantibody mediated destruction of red blood cells. It can be life threatening if not appropriately treated. Early diagnosis and work up and timely multipronged management is the key to success. Case report: We report four cases of diverse etiology - one each of post SARS-CoV-2 AIHA, idiopathic AIHA, drug-induced AIHA and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) associated Evans syndrome. All were treated with steroids as the first line agent while the child with CVID required additional immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusion: This case series re-emphasizes the need to look for diverse etiologies in AIHA. The role of whole exome sequencing is discussed for a definitive diagnosis if accessible in selected cases.

Keywords

• Pediatric autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)
• Post SARS CoV-2 AIHA
• Idiopathic AIHA
• Drug induced AIHA
• Common variable immunodeficiency
• Evan's syndrome