Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (Apr 2005)
Sobrevida e fatores prognósticos na insuficiência cardíaca sistólica com início recente dos sintomas Survival and prognostic factors in systolic heart failure with recent symptom onset
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Analisar a sobrevida e fatores prognósticos associados à mortalidade em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca sistólica acompanhados desde o início de seus sintomas. MÉTODOS: Coorte de 204 pacientes consecutivos com insuficiência cardíaca sistólica, identificada com início dos sintomas até seis semanas do primeiro atendimento e seguida por 46 meses. As variáveis prognósticas analisadas foram coletadas à inclusão e correlacionadas com a mortalidade cardiovascular. A Fração de Ejeção (FE) OBJECTIVE: To study survival and prognostic factors associated with mortality in patients with systolic heart failure followed up since symptom onset. METHODS: We carried out a study with a cohort of 204 consecutive patients with systolic heart failure, whose symptom onset occurred within the 6 weeks preceding the first medical visit. They were followed up for 46 months. The prognostic variables analyzed were collected when the patients were included in the study and were correlated with cardiovascular mortality. An EF < 40% on echocardiography characterized systolic ventricular dysfunction. RESULTS: The overall survival rates according to the Kaplan-Meier technique were 98.0%, 90.6%, and 70.2% at 3, 12, and 48 months of follow-up, respectively. The multivariate analysis identified the independent effect of 6 variables on the risk of cardiovascular death. Functional classes III and IV increased risk 2.7 times as compared with class II; 10-mmHg increments in systolic blood pressure reduced the risk of death by 25%; each 10-bpm increase in heart rate increased the risk of death 1.6 times; and each 0.25-mg/dL increment in serum creatinine caused a 60% increase in risk. The presence of the third cardiac sound caused a 3-fold increase in the risk of death, and chagasic etiology was also associated with cardiovascular mortality (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Evidence shows that mortality in the initial phase is not elevated, and that etiology, advanced functional class, arterial hypotension, tachycardia, presence of the third cardiac sound, and elevated serum creatinine lead to a worse prognosis.
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