Hounsfield unit and its correlation with spontaneous expulsion of lower ureteric stone

Abstract

Background: Hounsfield unit (HU) is the measure of stone density, and is utilized in the predetermination of type of stone. The purpose of this study was to identify some factors in noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) of kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) that are easily extractable and can be used to determine the outcome of expectant management. Methods: All patients 18–50 years of age who presented with flank pain and diagnosed as having lower ureteric calculi of size 5–10 mm by NCCT KUB were included in the study. HU of stone was calculated from the mean HU at three different regions of interest. We prescribed tamsulosin for 4 weeks as medical expulsive therapy. We divided the patients into two groups: group A included patients with successful expulsion of stone, and group B included patients who failed to pass stone. We compared age, gender, laterality, stone size in axial and coronal section of NCCT, HU of stone, blood urea, creatinine, and renal parenchymal thickness. Results: A total of 180 patients with lower ureteric calculus were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 34 years, with male:female ratio of 2.3:1. Of these 180 patients, 119 (66%) successfully expelled the stone and were included in group A, with the remaining 61 (34%) forming group B. In univariate analysis, longitudinal diameter of stone ( p < 0.001), transverse diameter of stone ( p < 0.001) and high HU ( p < 0.001) were significantly associated with failure of expulsion. However, in multivariate analysis only longitudinal diameter of stone ( p < 0.001) differed significantly among groups. Differences in HU ( p = 0.179) and transverse diameter of stone ( p = 0.108) did not reach significance level. Conclusions: Lower ureteric calculi are definitely amenable to conservative management. Longitudinal diameter of stone can be a useful parameter; however, HU and its derivatives cannot be used as a predictor of outcome.