Health literacy in patients participating in cardiac rehabilitation: A prospective cohort study with pre-post-test design

Abstract

Background and aims: Adherence to recommendations regarding medical treatment and healthy behaviour serve as a significant challenge for patients experiencing a cardiac event. Optimizing the patients’ health literacy (HL) may be crucial to meet this challenge and has gained increased focus the last decade. Despite cardiac rehabilitation (CR) being a central part of the treatment of patients experiencing a cardiac event, such programs have not been evaluated regarding HL. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe and evaluate HL in patients participating in CR. Methods: A prospective cohort study with pre-post-test design of patients participating in CR. Data were collected at program admission and completion (August 2017–June 2018). Patients from three different CR-programs were included. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to describe and evaluate HL and change in HL across categories of demographical variables and type of rehabilitation. Results: In total, 113 patients attending CR were included. A statistically significant increase in HL was observed from pre-to post-CR (mean change: 2.24 ± 3.68 (p < 0.001)). Patients attending 12-weeks outpatients CR-program had statistically significant higher HL, both at pre- and post-CR, compared to those attending one-week residential CR. Conclusions: Participation in CR statistically significantly improves HL. Overall, judging health information was found as the most difficult aspect of HL, both at pre- and post-CR. This should be emphasized in secondary prevention to overcome barriers related to adherence to medical treatment and healthy behaviour.

Keywords

• Health literacy
• Cardiac rehabilitation
• Secondary prevention