Systematic review of publicly available non-Dikarya fungal proteomes for understanding their plant biomass-degrading and bioremediation potentials

Abstract

Abstract In the last two decades, studies on plant biomass-degrading fungi have remarkably increased to understand and reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for their life cycle and wood-decaying abilities. Most of the plant biomass-degrading fungi reported till date belong to basidiomycota or ascomycota phyla. Thus, very few studies were conducted on fungi belonging to other divisions. Recent sequencing studies have revealed complete genomic sequences of various fungi. Our present study is focused on understanding the plant biomass-degrading potentials, by retrieving genome-wide annotations of 56 published fungi belonging to Glomeromycota, Mucoromycota, Zoopagomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Microsporidia and Cryptomycota from JGI-MycoCosm repository. We have compared and analyzed the proteomic annotations, especially CAZy, KOG, KEGG and SM clusters by separating the proteomic annotations into lignin-, cellulose-, hemicellulose-, pectin-degrading enzymes and also highlighted the KEGG, KOG molecular mechanisms responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates (lignocellulolytic pathways of fungi), complex organic pollutants, xenobiotic compounds, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. However, we strongly agree that studying genome-wide distributions of fungal CAZyme does not completely corresponds to its biomass-degrading ability. Thus, our present study can be used as preliminary materials for selecting ideal fungal candidate for the degradation and conversion of plant biomass components, especially carbohydrates to bioethanol and other commercially valuable products.

Keywords

• Plant biomass
• Lignocellulose
• Bioremediation
• Carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes)
• Eukaryotic orthologous groups (KOG)
• KEGG pathways