Revista de Saúde Pública (Dec 2007)
Assistência à saúde e mortalidade de recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso Health care and mortality of very-low-birth-weight neonates
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Analisar a mortalidade intra-hospitalar dos recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso, considerando a evolução clínica e os fatores associados à mortalidade. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal que incluiu 360 recém-nascidos com peso entre 500 e 1.500g, em Londrina, Paraná, de 1/1/2002 a 30/6/2004. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com as mães, análise dos prontuários e acompanhamento dos recém-nascidos. Para determinação de associação entre as variáveis utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado e análise de regressão logística com modelo hierarquizado, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: A taxa de mortalidade foi de 32,5%. Na análise bivariada, as variáveis associadas ao óbito oram: não uso de corticosteróide antenatal, ausência de hipertensão arterial/pré-eclampsia, presença de trabalho de parto, parto normal, apresentação não cefálica, Apgar 5, reanimação na sala de parto, sexo masculino, idade gestacional OBJECTIVE: To assess inpatient mortality rate of very-low-birth-weight neonates, their clinical progression and factors associated with mortality. METHODS: Longitudinal study including 360 neonates weighing 500-1500 g who were born in Londrina, Southern Brazil, from January 1, 2002 to June 30, 2004. Data were collected through interviews with the mothers and from medical records and follow-up of neonates during hospitalization. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between variables. Statistically significant variables were selected to the logistic regression model and the level of significance adopted was 5%. RESULTS: Mortality rate was 32.5%. In bivariate analysis, the following variables were associated with death: no prenatal use of corticosteroids; no hypertension/preeclampsia; labor; vaginal delivery; non-cephalic presentation; Apgar scores 5; male sex; weight < 750 g; gestational age < 28 weeks; resuscitation procedures in the delivery room; respiratory distress syndrome; pneumothorax; intracranial hemorrhage; and mechanical ventilation. In the logistic regression, the following variables were still considered risk factors: low income; no prenatal use of corticosteroids; no use of continuous positive airway pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Despite technology advances, very-low-birth-weight neonates mortality is high in Brazil compared with developed countries. Prenatal use of corticosteroids should be encouraged to reduce morbidity and mortality of very-low-birth-weight neonates.
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