Canine mast cell tumours part I: Clinical and survival outcomes

Abstract

Abstract Background Dogs have a species‐specific susceptibility for developing mast cell tumours (MCTs). Mutations in the KIT proto‐oncogene (KIT) are known to contribute to the neoplastic biology of mast cells. In dogs, the most common KIT mutation is an internal tandem duplication (ITD) in exon 11 which has been considered a useful prognostic supplement to traditional histopathological tumour grading. Objective The aim of this retrospective study was to explore the importance of KIT exon 11 ITD mutation status and known clinical and pathological indices in predicting prognosis in a cohort of Australian dogs diagnosed with MCT. Methods Clinical parameters, survival data, and KIT mutation status were collected and assessed for 220 dogs with cutaneous or subcutaneous MCT (n = 189 and n = 31, respectively). Results In at least one of the multivariable models, tumour grade (cutaneous Kiupel low or high grade) or tumour subcutaneous location, multiple concurrent MCTs, metastasis at the time of surgery, and senior age were statistically significant in predicting the outcome (MCT‐related death and/or second MCT diagnosis) at 6‐ or 12‐month post‐tumour excision. KIT exon 11 ITD mutation status was not a significant predictor in any of the final multivariable models and was strongly correlated with high histological grade (p < 0.001). Conclusion In this sample of dogs, tumour histological grading remained the single most powerful prognostic indicator for MCT outcome. However, concurrent evaluation of multiple prognostically significant parameters provides information of potential value to inform therapeutic management for each patient.

Keywords

• dog
• KIT
• mutation
• prognosis