Distribusi Ruang Insektisida Heptaklor di Lahan Pertanian Kabupaten Bantul Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Abstract

Heptachlor (C10H5Cl7) was an organochlorine insecticide compound, which was considered POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants) that is highly toxic to human. Since 2007 heptachlor insecticide was banned in Indonesia because of its chronic toxicity, persistency, bioaccumulative, and carcinogenic natures. But its illegal use is still rampant because its dark market availability, cheap price, and is effective in eradicating the pest. Furthermore, there is also lack of assertiveness of regulations and applicable laws. The objectives of the research were to identify pollution, pollution level, spatial distribution, and its correlation with soil chemicals properties, as well as the risks to health caused by heptachlor use. Research was conducted in 2010 by a survey on agricultural land in the regency of Bantul, Province of Yogyakarta Special Region on a 144 point grids. The tool used to determine heptachlor residue was GC-MS chromatography using Shimadzu GC-2014. The analysis showed that heptachlor was detected in soil, water and in agricultural products. Heptachlor residues were detected in 137 locations (95%) of 144 agricultural land sites, and the water residues on 11 sites exceeded the levels set according to levels of Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001. Heptachlor residue levels in agricultural products (rice, corn, soybeans, green beans, peanuts, and shallot) exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) established by the ISO (7313:2008). Soil acidity (pH) has very significant effect on the process of dissipation (loss) of heptachlor (p 1. Heptaklor (C10H5Cl7) adalah jenis insektisida organoklorin anggota senyawa POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutant) yang sejak tahun 2007 sudah dilarang penggunaannya di Indonesia karena sifatnya yang toksik kronis, persisten, bioakumulatif, dan pemicu kanker (karsinogenik). Namun karena harganya yang murah dan efektif membasmi hama, maka masih banyak digunakan selain karena kurang tegasnya peraturan dan hukum yang berlaku. Tujuan penelitian adalah identifikasi, tingkat cemaran, bentuk sebaran ruang, korelasinya dengan sifat kimia tanah, serta risikonya terhadap kesehatan. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2010 secara survei di lahan pertanian di Kabupaten Bantul, Provinsi DIY pada 144 titik grid. Alat yang digunakan analisis residu adalah GC-2014 Shimadzu. Hasil analisis menunjukkan heptaklor terdeteksi dalam tanah, air dan dalam produk pertanian. Residu heptaklor terdeteksi di 137 lokasi (95%) dari 144 lokasi lahan sawah yang di survei, dan 11 lokasi kadarnya dalam air melampui kadar yang ditetapkan menurut PP Nomor 82 Tahun 2001. Kadar residu heptaklor pada produk pertanian (beras, jagung, kedelai, kacang hijau, kacang tanah, dan bawang merah telah melebihi batas maksimum (BMR) yang ditetapkan oleh oleh SNI (7313:2008). Reaksi tanah (pH) berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap proses disipasi (hilangnya) heptaklor (p1.

Keywords

• agricultural land
• Bantul
• heptachlor
• heptaklor
• insecticides
• insektisida
• lahan pertanian
• sebaran ruang
• spatial distribution
• Yogyakarta