Designing a Paradigmatic Model of Child Marriage in Bandar Abbas City

Abstract

IntroductionChild marriage, regardless of gender, refers to the marriage of individuals under the age of 18. Recognized as a violation of fundamental human rights, child marriage is condemned by various international conventions, treaties, and agreements, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child. While both girls and boys can experience early marriage, the harsh reality is that the consequences are far more severe for girls. Female child spouses are particularly vulnerable to partner violence, mental health issues, and limited decision-making power due to the inherent power imbalances in these relationships. Child marriage is linked to a range of adverse economic, socio-cultural, and psychological outcomes, contributing to lower socio-economic status and higher poverty rates among child spouses. Moreover, intergenerational patterns of early marriage perpetuate this cycle. Girls affected by child marriage often find themselves dependent on others, lacking significant decision-making power, which diminishes their quality of life. Additionally, without the necessary skills and abilities, these girls struggle to become active contributors to society. As a result, we witness a decline in human capital and a decrease in women's participation, ultimately diminishing the role of women in society. Materials & MethodsThis study employed a qualitative research method grounded in an interpretive paradigm. The implementation strategy followed the systematic contextual theory as outlined by Strauss and Corbin. The focus of this research was on girls affected by child marriage in Bandar Abbas City. Sampling was conducted using theoretical and purposive techniques. Through purposive sampling, the researchers intentionally engaged with individuals, who possessed adequate knowledge and insight related to the phenomenon under investigation.The sampling process continued until theoretical saturation was reached, meaning no new information emerged during interviews. Ultimately, 21 girls, who were married before the age of 18, were selected for participation. Interviews lasted between 40 minutes to 1 hour, depending on the depth of the participants' responses. Data collection involved in-depth, semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using a 3-step coding approach: open, axial, and selective coding. Discussion of Results & ConclusionThe findings of this research revealed that one of the most significant aspects of child marriage was the presence of binding structures within marriage traditions. These frameworks rooted in epistemological, value-based, and cultural foundations shaped the meanings associated with marriage, the perceived value of marriage, and the roles of gender and femininity. These concepts had been institutionalized through customary, religious, and cultural structures. Religious frameworks played a crucial role in reinforcing these binding structures as the beliefs of families and previous generations elevated the sanctity of marriage. Within this context, children often adhered to established traditions and familial obligations, accepting them without resistance due to deeply ingrained religious values. Ultimately, the interplay of customary and cultural norms, parental authority, gender stereotypes, and social pressures contributed to the prevalence of early marriage among these girls.The economic and livelihood challenges faced by families were significant factors contributing to the phenomenon of child marriage. Many girls grew up in financially disadvantaged households, struggling with issues related to welfare and education. In their pursuit of improved economic conditions and to meet financial needs, some girls had resorted to marriage as a solution. Additionally, many child brides harbored idealized and romantic notions of marriage, believing that these dreams would materialize once they were married.Field studies on child marriage revealed that, contrary to the initial assumption that this issue predominantly affected impoverished families, it also occurred among those with average economic status and even among families with higher incomes. While structural poverty and economic challenges were critical factors underlying child marriage in Bandar Abbas, the issue could not be solely attributed to financial circumstances. This research posited that the mechanisms driving child marriage extended beyond economic factors, delving into the deeper cultural, religious, and gender stereotypes that shaped perceptions of gender and marriage. These underlying influences were rooted in cognitive and linguistic foundations that defined the meanings associated with sex and marriage.

Keywords

• child marriage
• qualitative study
• grounded theory
• bandar abbas