Unusual case of left-sided portal hypertension induced variceal bleeding after pancreaticoduodenectomy treated with transplenic embolization

Abstract

With the advances in surgical technique and the accumulation of experiences, pancreatic cancer with portal-superior mesenteric vein (PV-SMV) invasion is no longer considered as an absolute contraindication for surgical resection. After resection of the PV-SMV confluence, congestion of the splenic vein (SV) may develop, resulting in splenomegaly and variceal formation, also known as left-sided portal hypertension (LPH). Along with improved postoperative prognosis, LPH induced varices are given enough time to develop and eventually bleed, which can be lethal. We present a 59-year-old woman who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic cancer with a concomitant PV-SMV resection. Massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding and hypovolemic shock occurred 15 months after the surgery. Various exams, including endoscopy, dynamic computed tomography (CT) imaging, celiac, and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) angiography, were performed. However, the exact location of the bleeding could not be identified. LPH-induced varices bleeding was suspected and diagnosed by venography. The varices were embolized with n-BCA and lipiodol mixture by trans-splenic venous approach with complete cessation of bleeding. It is important to identify potential life-threatening LPH-induced varices bleeding, especially if certain clinical histories or classic imaging findings are presented. As for treatment, interventional radiology methods could be considered as the first choice.

Keywords

• Pancreatic cancer
• Portal vein hypertension
• Pancreaticojejunostomy
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Varices bleeding