Актуальні питання суспільних наук та історії медицини (Mar 2017)
КОМУНІКАТИВНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МЕДИЧНОГО ДИСКУРСУ / COMMUNICATIVE FEATURES OF THE MEDICAL DISCOURSE
Abstract
Роман Л., Тимофийчук И. Коммуникационные особенности медицинского дискурса. В статье исследуются некоторые коммуникативные особенности медицинского дискурса на основе классификации категорий дискурса В. Карасика, В. Жури, Л. Бейлинсон. Среди них наиболее важными являются участники, хронотоп, пресуппозиция, контроль, цели, тональность и жанры общения с точки зрения В. Карасика. В. Жура выделяет следующие особенности медицинского дискурса как: коммуникативная цель, участники, эмоциональный дейксис, гендерная принадлежность, биосоциальные параметры, этническая принадлежность, характер заболевания, место и обстановка общения. Л. Бейлинсон выделяет множество пресуппозиций медицинского дискурса, которые, по ее мнению, непосредственно связанные с целями и ценностями медицинского дискурса. Ключевые слова: медицинский дискурс, коммуникативная цель, биосоциальные параметры, коммуникационные компетенции врача, хронотоп. Roman L. Tymofiychuk I. Communicative Particularities of the Medical Discourse. This article examines some of the communicative features of the medical discourse based on the classification of categories of discourse by V. Karasik, V. Jury, L. Beylinson. Discourse of medical communications today has become a promising direction of research actively discussed both in pragmatic and theoretical linguistics and got different definitions (S. Vostrova A. Boatswain, V. Klynh, N. Litvinenko, A. Kudoyarov). In the last decade the attention of linguists has been attracted to the influence of modern professional aspects of medical activities upon this field of communication (L. Zosimov, L. Beylinson, M. Barsukov, S. Mishlanova, A. Panova, I. Ivanchuk, B. Frimon). Dynamic processes that influence the configuration of modern intellectual contexts demand new approaches and performance criteria in building the dialogue between doctor and patient. The upper mentioned aspects cannot be saved within traditional methodological techniques because of changing pragmatics of communication between the doctor as professional and patient as a sick person who seeks to recover and waiting for help from a doctor first. All this determines the relevance of presented research. The article focuses upon categories of discourse classified by V. Karasik, V. Jury, L. Beylinson including ‘members’, ‘chronotop’, ‘presuppositions’, ‘control’, ‘purpose’, ‘tone’ and ‘genre of communication’. It has been approved that along with other terms the categories mentioned by V. Karasik and V. Jura identify such features of the medical discourse as communicative purpose, participants, emotional deixis, gender identity, biosocial parameters, ethnicity, nature of the disease, location and environment of communication. The presented lexicosemantic investigation is using materials of L. Beylinson highlighting many presuppositions of medical discourse, which, in her view, are directly related to the goals and values of medical discourse. The topicality of such study is evident, especially in the course of looking for appropriate methodology of investigation of the formation of discursive competence of doctors. Distinguishing the upper mentioned characteristics and functions of communication strategies will help develop an effective model of discursive competence for doctors. Key words: medical discourse, communicative goal, biosocial parameters, communication competence of the doctor-space.
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