Exploring the Effect of Environmental Programs on Primary School Pupils’ Knowledge and Connectedness Toward Nature

Abstract

In recent years, environmental education has focused on developing pupils’ knowledge of the natural environment rather than enhancing their connectedness with nature, which could have a greater contribution to addressing the environmental problems caused by human activity. This study explores the impact of an environmental education program on participants’ nature connectedness using Schultz’s Inclusion of Nature in Self emotional scale (INS). The analysis of data collected from 283 primary school students indicated the positive effect of outdoor activities on pupils’ knowledge and awareness. In addition, it was found that students with previous experience of environmental education programs tend to feel more connected with nature but also retain the knowledge obtained compared to other students.