Invasive Infections Caused by Lancefield Groups C/G and A Streptococcus, Western Australia, Australia, 2000–2018

Abstract

Epidemiologic data on invasive group C/G Streptococcus (iGCGS) infections are sparse internationally. Linked population-level hospital, pathology, and death data were used to describe the disease burden in Western Australia, Australia, during 2000–2018 compared with that of invasive group A Streptococcus (GAS, Streptococcus pyogenes) infections. Of 1,270 cases, 866 (68%) occurred in men. Patients with iGCGS infection were older (median age 62 years) than those with invasive GAS (median age 44 years; p<0.0001). The age and sex-adjusted incidence rate ratio by year was 1.08 (95% CI 1.07–1.09). The incidence rate ratio for Indigenous compared with non-Indigenous Australians was 3.6 (95% CI 3.0–4.3). The all-cause 90-day death rate was 9% for iGCGS infection compared with 7% for invasive GAS (p = 0.03). iGCGS infection was more common in men and older persons and had a higher death rate, perhaps reflecting the effect of age and comorbidities on incidence and death.

Keywords

• Group C Streptococcus
• Group G Streptococcus
• Streptococcus
• infectious diseases
• public health
• Lancefield groups