A Comparative Analysis of Bio-Oil Collected Using an Electrostatic Precipitator from the Pyrolysis of Douglas Fir, Eucalyptus, and Poplar Biomass

Abstract

The conversion of biomass into bio-oil through the pyrolysis process offers numerous benefits, such as bio-fuel and bio-resin synthesis. However, for bio-oil usage for any application, understanding its composition is vital. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of different commonly available woody biomass (Douglas fir, eucalyptus, and poplar) on bio-oil composition. The bio-oil was produced through fast pyrolysis at 500 °C in a fluidized bed reactor and collected using an electrostatic precipitator. The chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy, and the hydroxyl groups were quantified using phosphorous-31 nuclear magnetic resonance. The poplar bio-oil had the most significant proportion (67 area%) of lignin-derived compounds and the highest OH concentration (6 mmol g−1). However, the proportion of carbohydrate-derived compounds was the largest (44 area %) in bio-oil produced from Douglas fir. Based on the OH concentration, poplar would be the most suitable feedstock for resin synthesis among the three feedstocks tested.

Keywords

• phenolics
• ³¹P-NMR
• hydroxyl concentration
• bio-resin
• 3D printing