Global Longitudinal Strain and Strain Rate in Type Two Diabetes Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: Relevance to Osteoprotegerin

Abstract

Background: Biomechanical stress and inflammatory biomarkers relate to global contractility dysfunction; however, adding these biomarkers into a risk model constructed on clinical data does not improve its prediction value in chronic heart failure (CHF).

Keywords

• chronic heart failure
• global longitudinal strain and strain rate
• osteoprotegerin
• brain natriuretic peptide