Results in Engineering (Dec 2024)
Agri-tech innovations for sustainability: A fire detection system based on MQTT broker and IoT to improve environmental risk management
Abstract
Systems usually have particular shortcomings concerning responsiveness or real-time monitoring; therefore, creativity in some of the mechanisms should be done to help in fire prevention and assessment and control of the environmental risk. This paper introduces a new concept of a fire detection system with the use of the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol, which can be applied to intelligent agriculture. The approach has also been expanded to the Internet of Things (IoT) for good and timely management. The architecture will involve smoke and flame detection sensors; the major monitoring parameters will include processor utilization, memory consumption, temperature level, and fire status. It will allow real-time communication with data agglomeration through MQTT Broker and clients, including MQTT Explorer. The MQTT publish-subscribe architecture has four main components: the (1) publisher, the (2) subscriber, the (3) broker, and the (4) topic. Besides that, it will also have a model of Publisher/Subscriber in order to enhance the efficiency of sensor data transfer with clients, thus allowing general effectiveness. Most importantly, in the proposed system, a Raspberry Pi 3 demonstrated quite effective real-time fire incident detection. Hence, from the discussion above, our main results relate to fast and reliable fire detection in smart agriculture by using an MQTT-based Publish/Subscribe architecture. Implementation on a Raspberry Pi 3 optimizes resource utilization, including efficient management of the Central Processing Unit (CPU), memory, and temperature. The results obtained highlight the superiority of this study, with a detection accuracy of 98.77%, a precision of 97.22%, a recall of 100%, an F1 score of 98.43%, and an average response time of just 2 seconds, which is better than other state-of-the-art methods. These performances attest not only to the effectiveness of this solution but also to its competitive advantage over current studies. These results demonstrate the system's effectiveness for fire detection and its positive impact on the sustainability and safety of smart farming. This successful application highlights the effectiveness of the MQTT protocol in agricultural settings and contributes to the sector's sustainability and food safety by ensuring rapid incident response. The study underscores the transformative potential of IoT and MQTT in advancing fire risk management in agriculture, paving the way for future innovations toward more resilient agricultural practices.
