Epidemiological and pathomorphologic investigation of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Western Algeria: A comprehensive study of clinical and histopathological findings

Abstract

Background: This study delves into the epidemiology and pathomorphologic characteristics of PPR in western Algeria, a viral disease that constantly threatens small animals in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Aim: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the epidemiology of PPR in western Algeria and to understand the pathomorphologic lesions in naturally infected small ruminants. Methods: An online survey conducted via Google Forms and shared with veterinarians in the wilaya of Tiaret, provided insights into the prevalence and clinical manifestations of PPR. A comprehensive examination of organs was conducted and representative tissue samples from the lungs, trachea, thymus, spleen, liver, kidney, heart, tongue, stomach, different parts of small and large intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes were collected and the specimen was fixed in a 10% neutral buffer formalin solution. Results: Among 2,200 small ruminants managed by expert veterinarians, 192 small ruminants exhibited clinical signs compatible with PPR, and 79 dead animals. Among the 31 sick young small ruminants, eight were confirmed to be infected with the PPR virus. Necropsies of affected animals revealed significant gross lesions in organs such as the lungs, intestines, spleen, and lymph nodes. Histopathological analysis further illuminated the severity of lesions, including interstitial pneumonia, syncytial cell formation, and severe gastroenteritis. Conclusion: The study's comprehensive approach, encompassing epidemiological data, necropsy findings, and histopathological insights, contributes valuable knowledge for understanding and managing PPR outbreaks. The pathological lesions observed in this study exhibited consistency with those previously documented in experimental studies, thereby providing support for the diagnosis based on clinical signs and disease history. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(8.000): 1905-1911]

Keywords

• peste des petits ruminant
• epidemiology
• pathology
• lymphoid tissue
• algeria