Phenotype of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, impact of feeding flaxseed oil, and osteoporosis in ovariectomised diabetic rats

Abstract

Abstract Background The vitamin D is involved in a wide variety of biological processes including bone metabolism, regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Variations in this endocrine system have, thus, been linked to several common diseases, including osteoporosis, diabetes. The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of flaxseed oil on bone homeostasis and whether changes in the levels of the bone formation markers are related to vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms i.e. Bsm1 and Fok1 which have been studied by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique. Results The study included rats were classified in groups as control, diabetic, diabetic received flaxseed oil in the diet, ovariectomised (ovx), and ovx-diabetic received flaxseed oil in the diet. Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD), and osteocalcin were increased (1.470 ± 88.1), (160 ± 7.11), (21.25 ± 2.33) respectively in ovx. and have significantly positive correlation (p < 0.05): their lowest levels were detected. Upon adding flaxseed oil. Bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) were reduced (0.061 ± 0.0046), (0.041 ± .0048) in all groups and increased (0.070 ± 0.0046), (0.063 ± 0.0045) upon adding flaxseed oil which have a ratio of 13.90 ± 0.01:21.10 ± 0.40 and there is correlation between bone marker and gene polymorphism after receiving flaxseed oil. Conclusion Diabetes has more pronounced effect on bone health than ovariectomy, and there was effect of gene and flaxseed oil has beneficial effect on the prevention of osteoporosis.

Keywords

• Osteoporosis
• Diabetes
• Flaxseed oil
• Bone
• Rats,
• Vitamin D receptor gene