INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT CaF₂ CONTENTS AND HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES ON APATITE-MULLITE GLASS CERAMICS DERIVED FROM WASTE MATERIALS

Abstract

An apatite-mullite glass ceramics composition derived from clam shell (CS) and soda lime silicate (SLS) glass has been fabricated from a heat treatment process of composition, [xCaF₂⋅(45−x)SLS⋅15CS⋅20Al₂O₃⋅20P₂O₅], where x is 5, 10, 15 and 20 (wt%). The result concluded that the Ca and Si elements were found in the CS and SLS glass respectively as a major weight composition, thereby promoting the use of waste materials in the manufacture of glass ceramic samples. Besides, the CaF2 addition lowers the glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallisation temperature (Tc) of the glass composition. The density and percentage of the linear shrinkage of the samples differs with the addition of CaF₂ and various heat treatment temperatures. For the structural properties' analysis, the formation of fluorapatite with a needle-like microstructure and mullite phase was enhanced with a higher CaF₂ content, while the growth of the anorthite phase was observed to occur at a higher heat treatment temperature. Generally, the addition of a high CaF₂ content with the help of heat treatment in apatite-mullite glass ceramics composition greatly promotes the crystallisation of the fluorapatite phase, which is crucial for denture glass ceramics.

Keywords

• apatite-mullite glass ceramics
• caf₂
• clam shell
• heat treatment
• soda lime silicate glass