Endospore-Forming Bacteria Present in a Commercial Stabilized Poultry Manure Determines the <i>Fusarium</i> Biocontrol and the Tomato Growth Promotion

Abstract

Stabilized organic amendments (SOA) from poultry are used in agriculture to improve the conditions of the soil. SOAs favor the growth of the crops and reduces the effect of soil-borne plant-pathogens. However, in northern Chile, there are no studies to support this observation, nor have the mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects observed in the field been established. This work aims to establish whether the promotion of growth and control of soil fungi in tomato observed in the field as a result of commercial SOA application can be attributed to different endospore-forming bacteria (EFB). The effect of commercial SOA on nutrient availability was determined. EFB isolated from a commercial product, and the application of bacterial isolates were compared with the commercial formulation of SOA, for plant growth promotion (PGP) and biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum fsp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL). The local tomato cultivar Poncho Negro was used given its sensitivity to different nutritional alterations and FORL. A series of measurements of growth parameters were carried out in plants submitted to different mixtures of SOA treatments. Isolates were identified by biochemical tests and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Eleven EFB were isolated from SOA, and some tests were performed to determine the PGP and biocontrol of FORL activities of each isolate. Notably, isolates BAC22 (Bacillusmegaterium), BAC21, and BAC23 (B. amyloliquefaciens/velezencis) were associated with PGP, highlighting the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid, a trait that in many cases is key to explaining the effects of Bacillus spp.

Keywords

• PGP bacteria
• poultry manure
• biocontrol
• <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> fsp. <i>radicis-lycopersici</i>