Exploring the impact of prior spontaneous miscarriage on stress among pregnant women during the first trimester: an observational study

Abstract

Background: Spontaneous miscarriage (SM) is the most common complication of pregnancy. Its psychological repercussions are widely documented but few studies have investigated its effect on women’s experience of a subsequent pregnancy. Aim: To evaluate the impact of prior SM on the level of stress experienced by pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy. Design and setting: Cross-sectional, observational study, which was conducted between June and October 2021 in France. Method: A self-report questionnaire was distributed to women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Stress was assessed using the Antenatal Perceived Stress Inventory to yield an overall score and a score for three dimensions ('medical and obstetric risks or fetal health'; 'psychosocial changes during pregnancy'; and the ‘prospect of childbirth'). Women with a history of prior SM and those without were compared. Results: In total, 93 women were included; 63 without and 30 with a history of prior SM. Prior SM was not associated with the overall score. The score for the dimension 'medical and obstetric risks or fetal health' was significantly higher in women with prior SM (3.00±0.86 versus 2.34±0.80; β = 0.61 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 0.25 to 0.96]; P = 0.001). Prior SM was significantly associated with the items 'the baby’s health' (P = 0.048) and 'the echography' (P = 0.002). Conclusion: This study shows a significant impact of prior SM on the level of stress of pregnant women during the first trimester, particularly relating to the medical and obstetric risks or fetal health, underlining the need for appropriate psychological support to be provided to women who experience SM.

Keywords

• pregnancy trimester, first
• stress
• spontaneous miscarriage
• delivery of health care
• cross-sectional studies