Assessing Prevalence and Severity of Dry Eye Disease Across Various Types of Allergic Conjunctivitis

Abstract

Background: Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is a prevalent ocular condition triggered by environmental allergens, causing significant discomfort and reduced quality of life. Dry Eye Disease (DED), marked by ocular discomfort and visual disturbances, frequently overlaps with AC symptoms. This study examines the prevalence of DED in AC patients and explores the relationship between different AC types and DED severity. Method: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted from June to September 2023 in the Department of Ophthalmology at a tertiary center in North India. A total of 264 AC patients aged 18 years and older with itchy eyes were included. Patients with contact lens use, recent ocular surgery, trauma, corneal pathology, or certain systemic diseases were excluded. DED was assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Schirmer’s test, and Tear Film Break-Up Time (TFBUT). Results: DED was found in 70% of AC patients, with 20% mild, 19% moderate, and 32% severe cases. Females were more affected (64%). VKC patients showed higher tear production and better TFBUT scores. PAC patients had the most severe DED. Conclusion: DED is common in AC patients, with PAC associated with more severe DED, while VKC shows milder symptoms. Tailored treatment approaches are needed for managing AC and DED.

Keywords

• Allergic conjunctivitis
• Dry Eye Disease
• Ocular Surface Disease Index
• Schirmer’s test
• Tear Film Break-Up Time