Fixation de l'azote chez l'arachide et le niébé en conditions de sècheresse pour l'amélioration de la productivité au Sahel

Abstract

Nitrogen Fixation by Groundnut and Cowpea for Productivity Improvement in Drought Conditions in the Sahel. Selection of drought tolerant and high nitrogen fixing varieties of groundnut and cowpea could improve their productivity and that of the cereals grown in association or rotation. Groundnut and cowpea varieties were assessed in field and in pots for response to drought using 4 fertilizer treatments. For cowpea, drought conditions decreased most of studied parameters, especially nodule number (40%) and pod weight (30%); while the root dry matter increased up to 10%. Nitrogen and/or Phosphorus fertilization increased pod weight up to 81%. Varieties IT93-503-1, IT93-693-2, UC-CB46 and Mouride were tolerant to drought conditions and very good nitrogen fixers. Nodule number, pod weight and root dry matter of groundnut decreased up to 12, 20 and 27% respectively due to drought conditions. Varieties ICGV-00350, ICGV-86015, ICGV-97183 and ICGVSM-87003 had the highest pod weight and the highest nodule number under drought conditions. Groundnut varieties ICGV-00350, ICGV-86015, ICGV-97183 and ICGVSM-87003 improved soil fertility and increased biomass (20%) of Pearl millet (SOSAT C88 variety) grown with them in rotation.

Keywords

• Drought
• Nitrogen fixation
• Fertilization
• Rotation
• Niger