Incidence of Clostridium difficile in Patients with Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea

Abstract

Background: This study was performed to determine the magnitude of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in a tertiary care hospital in patients with antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) and to study the risk factors associated with this disease. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in the department of Microbiology in a tertiary care hospital during December 2019 to May 2021. Stool samples were collected from patients with signs and symptoms of AAD who had been consuming antibiotic or anticancer drugs durng six weeks before the sampling. The samples were subjected to C. difficile glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) enzyme and CD toxin A & B detection by Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA). Patient’s demographic features and clinical details were noted and statistically correlated with the test results. Results: Among the total 70 samples tested 20 (28%) were positive for GDH alone and 12 (17%) were positive for both GDH and CD toxin A and B. Fluoroquinolones was a significant risk factor in the study. Sepsis and colitis was found to have significant association with C.difficile infection in our study. The crude mortality rate was 17%. Conclusion: Prompt and precise diagnosis and knowledge about the risk factors of CDI helps in effective management and prevention of CDI.

Keywords

• Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea
• Clostridium difficile
• Glutamate Dehydrogenase
• Toxin.