Frontiers in Immunology (Dec 2024)
Reduced durability of hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised children
- Youjia Zhong,
- Youjia Zhong,
- Youjia Zhong,
- Amuthavalli Kottaiswamy,
- Chen Xiang Ang,
- Hui’ En Li,
- Gaik Chin Yap,
- Carina J. X. Tay,
- Nurul Elyana Osman,
- Siti Namirah Binte Roslan,
- Chee Wah Tan,
- Wee Chee Yap,
- Elizabeth Y. Ang,
- Pauline P. L. Chan Ng,
- Pauline P. L. Chan Ng,
- Hui Kim Yap,
- Hui Kim Yap,
- Liangjian Lu,
- Marion M. Aw,
- Marion M. Aw,
- Sivaraman V. Karthik,
- Seng Hock Quak,
- Thuan Chong Quah,
- Elizabeth H. Tham,
- Elizabeth H. Tham,
- Lynette P. Shek,
- Lynette P. Shek,
- Eng Eong Ooi,
- Eng Eong Ooi,
- Eng Eong Ooi
Affiliations
- Youjia Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Youjia Zhong
- Program of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Youjia Zhong
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Amuthavalli Kottaiswamy
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Chen Xiang Ang
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Hui’ En Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Gaik Chin Yap
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Carina J. X. Tay
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Nurul Elyana Osman
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Siti Namirah Binte Roslan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Chee Wah Tan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore, Singapore
- Wee Chee Yap
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore, Singapore
- Elizabeth Y. Ang
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Pauline P. L. Chan Ng
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Pauline P. L. Chan Ng
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Hui Kim Yap
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Hui Kim Yap
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Liangjian Lu
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Marion M. Aw
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Marion M. Aw
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Sivaraman V. Karthik
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Seng Hock Quak
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Thuan Chong Quah
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Elizabeth H. Tham
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Elizabeth H. Tham
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Lynette P. Shek
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Lynette P. Shek
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Eng Eong Ooi
- Program of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Eng Eong Ooi
- Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Center, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Center, Singapore, Singapore
- Eng Eong Ooi
- Department of Clinical Translational Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1502598
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 15
Abstract
BackgroundIn endemic COVID-19, immunocompromised children are vulnerable until vaccinated but the optimal primary vaccination regime and need for booster doses remains uncertain.MethodsWe recruited 19 immunocompromised children (post-solid organ transplantation, have autoimmune disease or were on current or recent chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia), and followed them from the start of primary vaccination with BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 until 1-year post-vaccination. We investigated the quality of vaccine immunogenicity, and longevity of hybrid immunity, in comparison to healthy children.ResultsImmunocompromised children failed to produce T cell and memory B cell (MBC) responses reaching thresholds of protection after 2 doses; a third dose however improved both responses. Initially robust hybrid immunity demonstrated significantly more decline in T cell and MBC responses in immunocompromised compared to healthy children, to levels below the protective threshold by month 12.DiscussionImmunocompromised children may benefit from a 3-dose primary vaccination regime, with yearly or twice-yearly booster doses for sustained immunity.
Keywords
