European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields (Sep 2023)
Observation of seasonal variations of the flux of high-energy atmospheric neutrinos with IceCube
- R. Abbasi,
- M. Ackermann,
- J. Adams,
- S. K. Agarwalla,
- N. Aggarwal,
- J. A. Aguilar,
- M. Ahlers,
- J. M. Alameddine,
- N. M. Amin,
- K. Andeen,
- G. Anton,
- C. Argüelles,
- Y. Ashida,
- S. Athanasiadou,
- S. N. Axani,
- X. Bai,
- A. Balagopal V.,
- M. Baricevic,
- S. W. Barwick,
- V. Basu,
- R. Bay,
- J. J. Beatty,
- K.-H. Becker,
- J. Becker Tjus,
- J. Beise,
- C. Bellenghi,
- S. BenZvi,
- D. Berley,
- E. Bernardini,
- D. Z. Besson,
- G. Binder,
- D. Bindig,
- E. Blaufuss,
- S. Blot,
- F. Bontempo,
- J. Y. Book,
- J. Borowka,
- C. Boscolo Meneguolo,
- S. Böser,
- O. Botner,
- J. Böttcher,
- E. Bourbeau,
- J. Braun,
- B. Brinson,
- J. Brostean-Kaiser,
- R. T. Burley,
- R. S. Busse,
- D. Butterfield,
- M. A. Campana,
- K. Carloni,
- E. G. Carnie-Bronca,
- S. Chattopadhyay,
- C. Chen,
- Z. Chen,
- D. Chirkin,
- S. Choi,
- B. A. Clark,
- L. Classen,
- A. Coleman,
- G. H. Collin,
- A. Connolly,
- J. M. Conrad,
- P. Coppin,
- P. Correa,
- S. Countryman,
- D. F. Cowen,
- C. Dappen,
- P. Dave,
- C. De Clercq,
- J. J. DeLaunay,
- D. Delgado López,
- H. Dembinski,
- S. Deng,
- K. Deoskar,
- A. Desai,
- P. Desiati,
- K. D. de Vries,
- G. de Wasseige,
- T. DeYoung,
- A. Diaz,
- J. C. Díaz-Vélez,
- M. Dittmer,
- A. Domi,
- H. Dujmovic,
- M. A. DuVernois,
- T. Ehrhardt,
- P. Eller,
- R. Engel,
- H. Erpenbeck,
- J. Evans,
- P. A. Evenson,
- K. L. Fan,
- K. Fang,
- A. R. Fazely,
- A. Fedynitch,
- N. Feigl,
- S. Fiedlschuster,
- C. Finley,
- L. Fischer,
- D. Fox,
- A. Franckowiak,
- E. Friedman,
- A. Fritz,
- P. Fürst,
- T. K. Gaisser,
- J. Gallagher,
- E. Ganster,
- A. Garcia,
- S. Garrappa,
- L. Gerhardt,
- A. Ghadimi,
- C. Glaser,
- T. Glauch,
- T. Glüsenkamp,
- N. Goehlke,
- J. G. Gonzalez,
- S. Goswami,
- D. Grant,
- S. J. Gray,
- S. Griffin,
- S. Griswold,
- C. Günther,
- P. Gutjahr,
- C. Haack,
- A. Hallgren,
- R. Halliday,
- L. Halve,
- F. Halzen,
- H. Hamdaoui,
- M. Ha Minh,
- K. Hanson,
- J. Hardin,
- A. A. Harnisch,
- P. Hatch,
- A. Haungs,
- S. Hauser,
- K. Helbing,
- J. Hellrung,
- F. Henningsen,
- L. Heuermann,
- S. Hickford,
- A. Hidvegi,
- C. Hill,
- G. C. Hill,
- K. D. Hoffman,
- K. Hoshina,
- W. Hou,
- T. Huber,
- K. Hultqvist,
- M. Hünnefeld,
- R. Hussain,
- K. Hymon,
- S. In,
- N. Iovine,
- A. Ishihara,
- M. Jacquart,
- M. Jansson,
- G. S. Japaridze,
- K. Jayakumar,
- M. Jeong,
- M. Jin,
- B. J. P. Jones,
- D. Kang,
- W. Kang,
- X. Kang,
- A. Kappes,
- D. Kappesser,
- L. Kardum,
- T. Karg,
- M. Karl,
- A. Karle,
- U. Katz,
- M. Kauer,
- J. L. Kelley,
- A. Khatee Zathul,
- A. Kheirandish,
- K. Kin,
- J. Kiryluk,
- S. R. Klein,
- A. Kochocki,
- R. Koirala,
- H. Kolanoski,
- T. Kontrimas,
- L. Köpke,
- C. Kopper,
- D. J. Koskinen,
- P. Koundal,
- M. Kovacevich,
- M. Kowalski,
- T. Kozynets,
- K. Kruiswijk,
- E. Krupczak,
- A. Kumar,
- E. Kun,
- N. Kurahashi,
- N. Lad,
- C. Lagunas Gualda,
- M. Lamoureux,
- M. J. Larson,
- F. Lauber,
- J. P. Lazar,
- J. W. Lee,
- K. Leonard DeHolton,
- A. Leszczyńska,
- M. Lincetto,
- Q. R. Liu,
- M. Liubarska,
- E. Lohfink,
- C. Love,
- C. J. Lozano Mariscal,
- L. Lu,
- F. Lucarelli,
- A. Ludwig,
- W. Luszczak,
- Y. Lyu,
- W. Y. Ma,
- J. Madsen,
- K. B. M. Mahn,
- Y. Makino,
- S. Mancina,
- W. Marie Sainte,
- I. C. Mariş,
- S. Marka,
- Z. Marka,
- M. Marsee,
- I. Martinez-Soler,
- R. Maruyama,
- F. Mayhew,
- T. McElroy,
- F. McNally,
- J. V. Mead,
- K. Meagher,
- S. Mechbal,
- A. Medina,
- M. Meier,
- S. Meighen-Berger,
- Y. Merckx,
- L. Merten,
- J. Micallef,
- D. Mockler,
- T. Montaruli,
- R. W. Moore,
- Y. Morii,
- R. Morse,
- M. Moulai,
- T. Mukherjee,
- R. Naab,
- R. Nagai,
- M. Nakos,
- U. Naumann,
- J. Necker,
- M. Neumann,
- H. Niederhausen,
- M. U. Nisa,
- A. Noell,
- S. C. Nowicki,
- A. Obertacke Pollmann,
- M. Oehler,
- B. Oeyen,
- A. Olivas,
- R. Orsoe,
- J. Osborn,
- E. O’Sullivan,
- H. Pandya,
- N. Park,
- G. K. Parker,
- E. N. Paudel,
- L. Paul,
- C. Pérez de los Heros,
- J. Peterson,
- S. Philippen,
- S. Pieper,
- A. Pizzuto,
- M. Plum,
- Y. Popovych,
- M. Prado Rodriguez,
- B. Pries,
- R. Procter-Murphy,
- G. T. Przybylski,
- C. Raab,
- J. Rack-Helleis,
- K. Rawlins,
- Z. Rechav,
- A. Rehman,
- P. Reichherzer,
- G. Renzi,
- E. Resconi,
- S. Reusch,
- W. Rhode,
- M. Richman,
- B. Riedel,
- E. J. Roberts,
- S. Robertson,
- S. Rodan,
- G. Roellinghoff,
- M. Rongen,
- C. Rott,
- T. Ruhe,
- L. Ruohan,
- D. Ryckbosch,
- I. Safa,
- J. Saffer,
- D. Salazar-Gallegos,
- P. Sampathkumar,
- S. E. Sanchez Herrera,
- A. Sandrock,
- M. Santander,
- S. Sarkar,
- S. Sarkar,
- J. Savelberg,
- P. Savina,
- M. Schaufel,
- H. Schieler,
- S. Schindler,
- B. Schlüter,
- T. Schmidt,
- J. Schneider,
- F. G. Schröder,
- L. Schumacher,
- G. Schwefer,
- S. Sclafani,
- D. Seckel,
- S. Seunarine,
- A. Sharma,
- S. Shefali,
- N. Shimizu,
- M. Silva,
- B. Skrzypek,
- B. Smithers,
- R. Snihur,
- J. Soedingrekso,
- A. Søgaard,
- D. Soldin,
- G. Sommani,
- C. Spannfellner,
- G. M. Spiczak,
- C. Spiering,
- M. Stamatikos,
- T. Stanev,
- R. Stein,
- T. Stezelberger,
- T. Stürwald,
- T. Stuttard,
- G. W. Sullivan,
- I. Taboada,
- S. Ter-Antonyan,
- W. G. Thompson,
- J. Thwaites,
- S. Tilav,
- K. Tollefson,
- C. Tönnis,
- S. Toscano,
- D. Tosi,
- A. Trettin,
- C. F. Tung,
- R. Turcotte,
- J. P. Twagirayezu,
- B. Ty,
- M. A. Unland Elorrieta,
- A. K. Upadhyay,
- K. Upshaw,
- N. Valtonen-Mattila,
- J. Vandenbroucke,
- N. van Eijndhoven,
- D. Vannerom,
- J. van Santen,
- J. Vara,
- J. Veitch-Michaelis,
- M. Venugopal,
- S. Verpoest,
- D. Veske,
- C. Walck,
- T. B. Watson,
- C. Weaver,
- P. Weigel,
- A. Weindl,
- J. Weldert,
- C. Wendt,
- J. Werthebach,
- M. Weyrauch,
- N. Whitehorn,
- C. H. Wiebusch,
- N. Willey,
- D. R. Williams,
- M. Wolf,
- G. Wrede,
- J. Wulff,
- X. W. Xu,
- J. P. Yanez,
- E. Yildizci,
- S. Yoshida,
- F. Yu,
- S. Yu,
- T. Yuan,
- Z. Zhang,
- P. Zhelnin,
- IceCube Collaboration
Affiliations
- R. Abbasi
- Department of Physics, Loyola University Chicago
- M. Ackermann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- J. Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury
- S. K. Agarwalla
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- N. Aggarwal
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta
- J. A. Aguilar
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230
- M. Ahlers
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen
- J. M. Alameddine
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University
- N. M. Amin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware
- K. Andeen
- Department of Physics, Marquette University
- G. Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- C. Argüelles
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University
- Y. Ashida
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- S. Athanasiadou
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- S. N. Axani
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware
- X. Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
- A. Balagopal V.
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- M. Baricevic
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- S. W. Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California
- V. Basu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- R. Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California
- J. J. Beatty
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University
- K.-H. Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal
- J. Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- J. Beise
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University
- C. Bellenghi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München
- S. BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester
- D. Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland
- E. Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università Degli Studi di Padova
- D. Z. Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas
- G. Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California
- D. Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal
- E. Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland
- S. Blot
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- F. Bontempo
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics
- J. Y. Book
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University
- J. Borowka
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University
- C. Boscolo Meneguolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università Degli Studi di Padova
- S. Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz
- O. Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University
- J. Böttcher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University
- E. Bourbeau
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen
- J. Braun
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- B. Brinson
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology
- J. Brostean-Kaiser
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- R. T. Burley
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide
- R. S. Busse
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- D. Butterfield
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- M. A. Campana
- Department of Physics, Drexel University
- K. Carloni
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University
- E. G. Carnie-Bronca
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide
- S. Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- C. Chen
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology
- Z. Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University
- D. Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- S. Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University
- B. A. Clark
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland
- L. Classen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- A. Coleman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University
- G. H. Collin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- A. Connolly
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University
- J. M. Conrad
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- P. Coppin
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM
- P. Correa
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM
- S. Countryman
- Columbia Astrophysics and Nevis Laboratories, Columbia University
- D. F. Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University
- C. Dappen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University
- P. Dave
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology
- C. De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM
- J. J. DeLaunay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama
- D. Delgado López
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University
- H. Dembinski
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware
- S. Deng
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University
- K. Deoskar
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University
- A. Desai
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- P. Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- K. D. de Vries
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM
- G. de Wasseige
- Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology-CP3, Université catholique de Louvain
- T. DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- A. Diaz
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- J. C. Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- M. Dittmer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- A. Domi
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- H. Dujmovic
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- M. A. DuVernois
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- T. Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz
- P. Eller
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München
- R. Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics
- H. Erpenbeck
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- J. Evans
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland
- P. A. Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware
- K. L. Fan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland
- K. Fang
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- A. R. Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University
- A. Fedynitch
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica
- N. Feigl
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- S. Fiedlschuster
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- C. Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University
- L. Fischer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- D. Fox
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University
- A. Franckowiak
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- E. Friedman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland
- A. Fritz
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz
- P. Fürst
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University
- T. K. Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware
- J. Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- E. Ganster
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University
- A. Garcia
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University
- S. Garrappa
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- L. Gerhardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- A. Ghadimi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama
- C. Glaser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University
- T. Glauch
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München
- T. Glüsenkamp
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- N. Goehlke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics
- J. G. Gonzalez
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware
- S. Goswami
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama
- D. Grant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- S. J. Gray
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland
- S. Griffin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- S. Griswold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester
- C. Günther
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University
- P. Gutjahr
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University
- C. Haack
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München
- A. Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University
- R. Halliday
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- L. Halve
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University
- F. Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- H. Hamdaoui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University
- M. Ha Minh
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München
- K. Hanson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- J. Hardin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- A. A. Harnisch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- P. Hatch
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen’s University
- A. Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics
- S. Hauser
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University
- K. Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal
- J. Hellrung
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- F. Henningsen
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München
- L. Heuermann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University
- S. Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal
- A. Hidvegi
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University
- C. Hill
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University
- G. C. Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide
- K. D. Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland
- K. Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- W. Hou
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics
- T. Huber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics
- K. Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University
- M. Hünnefeld
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University
- R. Hussain
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- K. Hymon
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University
- S. In
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University
- N. Iovine
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230
- A. Ishihara
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University
- M. Jacquart
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- M. Jansson
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University
- G. S. Japaridze
- CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University
- K. Jayakumar
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- M. Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University
- M. Jin
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University
- B. J. P. Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington
- D. Kang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics
- W. Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University
- X. Kang
- Department of Physics, Drexel University
- A. Kappes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- D. Kappesser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz
- L. Kardum
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University
- T. Karg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- M. Karl
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München
- A. Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- U. Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- M. Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- J. L. Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- A. Khatee Zathul
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- A. Kheirandish
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada
- K. Kin
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University
- J. Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University
- S. R. Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California
- A. Kochocki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- R. Koirala
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware
- H. Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- T. Kontrimas
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München
- L. Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz
- C. Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- D. J. Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen
- P. Koundal
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics
- M. Kovacevich
- Department of Physics, Drexel University
- M. Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- T. Kozynets
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen
- K. Kruiswijk
- Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology-CP3, Université catholique de Louvain
- E. Krupczak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- A. Kumar
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- E. Kun
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- N. Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University
- N. Lad
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- C. Lagunas Gualda
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- M. Lamoureux
- Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology-CP3, Université catholique de Louvain
- M. J. Larson
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland
- F. Lauber
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal
- J. P. Lazar
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University
- J. W. Lee
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University
- K. Leonard DeHolton
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University
- A. Leszczyńska
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware
- M. Lincetto
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- Q. R. Liu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- M. Liubarska
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta
- E. Lohfink
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz
- C. Love
- Department of Physics, Drexel University
- C. J. Lozano Mariscal
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- L. Lu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- F. Lucarelli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève
- A. Ludwig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA
- W. Luszczak
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University
- Y. Lyu
- Department of Physics, University of California
- W. Y. Ma
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- J. Madsen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- K. B. M. Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- Y. Makino
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- S. Mancina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- W. Marie Sainte
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- I. C. Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230
- S. Marka
- Columbia Astrophysics and Nevis Laboratories, Columbia University
- Z. Marka
- Columbia Astrophysics and Nevis Laboratories, Columbia University
- M. Marsee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama
- I. Martinez-Soler
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University
- R. Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University
- F. Mayhew
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- T. McElroy
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta
- F. McNally
- Department of Physics, Mercer University
- J. V. Mead
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen
- K. Meagher
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- S. Mechbal
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- A. Medina
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University
- M. Meier
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University
- S. Meighen-Berger
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München
- Y. Merckx
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM
- L. Merten
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- J. Micallef
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- D. Mockler
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230
- T. Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève
- R. W. Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta
- Y. Morii
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University
- R. Morse
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- M. Moulai
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- T. Mukherjee
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics
- R. Naab
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- R. Nagai
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University
- M. Nakos
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- U. Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal
- J. Necker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- M. Neumann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- H. Niederhausen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- M. U. Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- A. Noell
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University
- S. C. Nowicki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- A. Obertacke Pollmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal
- M. Oehler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics
- B. Oeyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent
- A. Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland
- R. Orsoe
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München
- J. Osborn
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- E. O’Sullivan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University
- H. Pandya
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware
- N. Park
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen’s University
- G. K. Parker
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington
- E. N. Paudel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware
- L. Paul
- Department of Physics, Marquette University
- C. Pérez de los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University
- J. Peterson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- S. Philippen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University
- S. Pieper
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal
- A. Pizzuto
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- M. Plum
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
- Y. Popovych
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz
- M. Prado Rodriguez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- B. Pries
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- R. Procter-Murphy
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland
- G. T. Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- C. Raab
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230
- J. Rack-Helleis
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz
- K. Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage
- Z. Rechav
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- A. Rehman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware
- P. Reichherzer
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- G. Renzi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230
- E. Resconi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München
- S. Reusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- W. Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University
- M. Richman
- Department of Physics, Drexel University
- B. Riedel
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- E. J. Roberts
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide
- S. Robertson
- Department of Physics, University of California
- S. Rodan
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University
- G. Roellinghoff
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University
- M. Rongen
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz
- C. Rott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah
- T. Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University
- L. Ruohan
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München
- D. Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent
- I. Safa
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University
- J. Saffer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics
- D. Salazar-Gallegos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- P. Sampathkumar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics
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- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University
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- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama
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- Department of Physics, University of Alberta
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- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University
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- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- M. Schaufel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University
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- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics
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- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- B. Schlüter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- T. Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland
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- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- F. G. Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics
- L. Schumacher
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München
- G. Schwefer
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University
- S. Sclafani
- Department of Physics, Drexel University
- D. Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware
- S. Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin
- A. Sharma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University
- S. Shefali
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics
- N. Shimizu
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University
- M. Silva
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- B. Skrzypek
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University
- B. Smithers
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington
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- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- J. Soedingrekso
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University
- A. Søgaard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen
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- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics
- G. Sommani
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- C. Spannfellner
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München
- G. M. Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin
- C. Spiering
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- M. Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University
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- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware
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- T. Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal
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- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen
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- Department of Physics, University of Maryland
- I. Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology
- S. Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University
- W. G. Thompson
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University
- J. Thwaites
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- S. Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware
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- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
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- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology
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- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics
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- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- B. Ty
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- M. A. Unland Elorrieta
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- A. K. Upadhyay
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- K. Upshaw
- Department of Physics, Southern University
- N. Valtonen-Mattila
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University
- J. Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- N. van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM
- D. Vannerom
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- J. van Santen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
- J. Vara
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- J. Veitch-Michaelis
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- M. Venugopal
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics
- S. Verpoest
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent
- D. Veske
- Columbia Astrophysics and Nevis Laboratories, Columbia University
- C. Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University
- T. B. Watson
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington
- C. Weaver
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- P. Weigel
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- A. Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics
- J. Weldert
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University
- C. Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- J. Werthebach
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University
- M. Weyrauch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics
- N. Whitehorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- C. H. Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University
- N. Willey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- D. R. Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama
- M. Wolf
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München
- G. Wrede
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- J. Wulff
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- X. W. Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University
- J. P. Yanez
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta
- E. Yildizci
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- S. Yoshida
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University
- F. Yu
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University
- S. Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University
- T. Yuan
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Z. Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University
- P. Zhelnin
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University
- IceCube Collaboration
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11679-5
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 83,
no. 9
pp. 1 – 16
Abstract
Abstract Atmospheric muon neutrinos are produced by meson decays in cosmic-ray-induced air showers. The flux depends on meteorological quantities such as the air temperature, which affects the density of air. Competition between decay and re-interaction of those mesons in the first particle production generations gives rise to a higher neutrino flux when the air density in the stratosphere is lower, corresponding to a higher temperature. A measurement of a temperature dependence of the atmospheric $$\nu _{\mu }$$ ν μ flux provides a novel method for constraining hadronic interaction models of air showers. It is particularly sensitive to the production of kaons. Studying this temperature dependence for the first time requires a large sample of high-energy neutrinos as well as a detailed understanding of atmospheric properties. We report the significant ( $$> 10 \; \sigma $$ > 10 σ ) observation of a correlation between the rate of more than 260,000 neutrinos, detected by IceCube between 2012 and 2018, and atmospheric temperatures of the stratosphere, measured by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument aboard NASA’s AQUA satellite. For the observed 10 $$\%$$ % seasonal change of effective atmospheric temperature we measure a 3.5(3) $$\%$$ % change in the muon neutrino flux. This observed correlation deviates by about 2-3 standard deviations from the expected correlation of 4.3 $$\%$$ % as obtained from theoretical predictions under the assumption of various hadronic interaction models.
