Jornal de Pediatria (Oct 2010)
Notificação imprecisa da ingestão energética na dieta de adolescentes Misreporting of dietary energy intake in adolescents
Abstract
OBJETIVOS: Examinar a prevalência da sub e supernotificação da ingestão energética em adolescentes e seus fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 96 adolescentes na pós-puberdade (47 com peso normal e 49 obesos), com idade média de 16,6±1,3 anos. Peso e altura foram medidos e o índice de massa corporal foi calculado. A composição corporal foi avaliada através de absorciometria por raios X de dupla energia. A ingestão de alimentos foi avaliada por meio de um registro alimentar de 3 dias. Realizou-se uma avaliação bioquímica (níveis séricos de colesterol total, LDL, HDL, glicose plasmática e insulina). Os subnotificadores relataram uma ingestão energética 2,4 x TMB. RESULTADOS: Notificação imprecisa (sub ou supernotificação) da ingestão energética foi identificada em 65,6% dos adolescentes (64,6 e 1% de sub e supernotificação, respectivamente). Os adolescentes obesos apresentaram 5.0 vezes mais chances de subnotificar a ingestão energética (IC95% 2,0-12,7) do que os participantes com peso normal. Os subnotificadores apresentaram taxas mais altas de ingestão insuficiente de carboidratos (19,3 versus 12,1%, p = 0,046) e de lipídios (11,3 versus 0%, p OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence of under and overreporting of energy intake in adolescents and their associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 96 postpubertal adolescents (47 normal-weight and 49 obese), mean age of 16.6±1.3 years. Weight and height were measured, and body mass index was calculated. Body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intake was evaluated by a 3-day dietary record. Biochemical assessment was performed (serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, plasma glucose, and insulin). Underreporters reported energy intake 2.4 x BMR. RESULTS: Energy intake misreporting (under or overreporting) was identified in 65.6% of adolescents (64.6 and 1% of under and overreporting, respectively). Obese adolescents were 5.0 times more likely to underreport energy intake (95%CI 2.0-12.7) than normal-weight participants. Underreporters showed higher rates of insufficient intake of carbohydrate (19.3 vs. 12.1%, p = 0.046) and lipids (11.3 vs. 0%, p < 0.001) than plausible reporters. Cholesterol intake was also lower in underreporters (p = 0.017). There were no significant differences in body composition and biochemical parameters in relation to misreporting. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained demonstrated a high percentage of misreporting of energy intake among adolescents, especially among obese subjects, which suggests that energy-adjusted nutrient intake values should be employed in diet-disease risk analysis in order to contribute to a reduction in errors associated with misreporting.
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