Exercise‐induced airflow changes in horses with asthma measured by electrical impedance tomography

Abstract

Abstract Background Equine asthma (EA) causes airflow impairment, which increases in severity with exercise. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an imaging technique that can detect airflow changes in standing healthy horses during a histamine provocation test. Objectives To explore EIT‐calculated flow variables before and after exercise in healthy horses and horses with mild‐to‐moderate (MEA) and severe equine asthma (SEA). Animals Nine healthy horses 9 horses diagnosed with MEA and 5 with SEA were prospectively included. Methods Recordings were performed before and after 15 minutes of lunging. Absolute values from global and regional peak inspiratory (PIF, positive value) and expiratory (PEF, negative value) flows were calculated. Data were analyzed using a mixed model analysis followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test to evaluate the impact of exercise and diagnosis on flow indices. Results Control horses after exercise had significantly lower global PEF and PIF compared to horses with SEA (mean difference [95% confidence interval, CI]: 0.0859 arbitrary units [AU; 0.0339‐0.1379], P < .001 and 0.0726 AU [0.0264‐0.1188], P = .001, respectively) and horses with MEA (0.0561 AU [0.0129‐0.0994], P = .007 and 0.0587 AU [0.0202‐0.0973], P = .002, respectively). No other significant differences were detected. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Electrical impedance tomography derived PIF and PEF differed significantly between healthy horses and horses with SEA or MEA after exercise, but not before exercise. Differences between MEA and SEA were not observed, but the study population was small.

Keywords

• heaves
• inflammatory airway disease
• pulmonary function test
• recurrent airway obstruction