Trusted Routing Protocol for Flying Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract

Aiming at the problems of being vulnerable to internal attacks and frequent link interruption in flying ad hoc networks (FANETs), a trust-based ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing protocol (TAOMDV) is proposed. Firstly, a trust evaluation model is established. The packet forward ratio, trusted interaction and probe packet receive ratio are introduced as trust evaluation factors. An adaptive fuzzy trust aggregation network (AFTAN) is designed to calculate the direct trust of nodes, while the indirect trust of reliable neighbor nodes is integrated as well to calculate node trust. Secondly, the trust fluctuation penalty mechanism is introduced to resist the on-off attack in the trust model. Finally, the trust model is applied to ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) protocol. In the route discovery phase, the path trust is introduced as the basis for routing selection to establish a trusted path. In the route maintenance phase, the path alarm mechanism is applied to respond to malicious nodes in a timely manner. The simulation results show that the TAOMDV can not only defend against common attacks, such as black hole attack, gray hole attack and on-off attack, but also reduce the impact of topology changes and link interruptions. Compared with light-weight trust-enhanced ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (TEAOMDV), the proposed protocol effectively improves the delivery ratio and throughput of the network, which contributes to the better performance in routing overhead and average end-to-end delay.

Keywords

• flying ad hoc networks (fanets);
• routing attack;
• trust model;
• trusted routing