The influence of myogenic stem cells on inflammatory process among rats with acute periodontitis

Abstract

Periodontal diseases are one of the most pressing problems in modern dentistry and are second only to caries in terms of frequency. The current level of knowledge allows us to consider the etiopathogenesis of periodontal diseases as a multifactorial model, including the presence of microbial invasion (bacterial periodontal pathogens), inadequate or absent protective response of the immune system, and the influence of negative local factors of the oral cavity. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of stem cells on the course of oxygen-dependent processes in experimental periodontitis. Materials and methods. The study was performed on white male outbred rats weighing 180-200 g. Periodontitis was induced by injecting lipopolysaccharide into the gingival tissue at 40 microlitres (1 mg/ml) every other day for 14 days. On days 1, 7, 14 and 21 after the last lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, rats were decapitated under thiopental anaesthesia (50 mg/kg). The material from intact animals served as a control. Results. Myogenic stem cells (MSCs) were obtained from pregnant females approximately on the 21-24th day of pregnancy. The enzymatic method was used to obtain viable MSCs. Cultivation was carried out in a CO2 incubator at a temperature of 37 °C and a CO2 concentration of 5 %. The stem cells were injected into the gingival area of rats by a single injection at the rate of 1 million cells per 1 kg of body weight. To maximise cell viability, MSCs were injected within 30 minutes after the suspension was obtained. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by flow cytometry. The level of lipid hydroperoxides (LPH), the content of TBA-active products (TBA) and Schiff bases (SB) were determined by conventional spectrophotometric methods. The functional activity of neutrophils was assessed using the spontaneous NST test (sNST test). The reserve index (RI) was also calculated using the formula iNST/sNST, as well as the neutrophil metabolic activation coefficient (MAC) using the formula: iNST - sNST/iNST. The obtained digital data were processed by the method of variation statistics. The reliability of the differences in the compared parameters between different samples was determined using Student's t-test (with a normal distribution of results) or Mann-Whitney (in the case of a non-normal distribution). Conclusions. It has been established that the use of myogenic stem cells for the correction of acute periodontitis leads to a decrease in the activity of lipid peroxidation, which leads to a decrease in the signs of inflammation in the periodontium. The inflammatory process in the periodontium of rats under the conditions of correction is characterised by lower values of the cNST test and INST test compared to animals that did not undergo correction. The decrease in metabolic and oxidative processes in the lesion in hypothyroidism is accompanied by a decrease in the activity of oxidative processes, which leads to a decrease in the intensity of tissue damage in rats with acute periodontitis

Keywords

• acute periodontitis
• inflammatory process
• myogenic stem cells