Applied Sciences (Dec 2021)

SARS-CoV-2: Some Aspects of Molecular Evolution, Cellular Pathogenesis, and Immune System Mechanism Elusion

  • Angela Quirino,
  • Nadia Marascio,
  • Giorgio Settimo Barreca,
  • Luigia Gallo,
  • Aida Giancotti,
  • Angelo Giuseppe Lamberti,
  • Cinzia Peronace,
  • Enrico Maria Trecarichi,
  • Paolo Fusco,
  • Maria Mazzitelli,
  • Francesca Divenuto,
  • Grazia Pavia,
  • Angela Suraci,
  • Giovanni Matera,
  • Maria Carla Liberto

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411605
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11, no. 24
p. 11605

Abstract

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The purpose of this review is to address some of the latest aspects regarding molecular features, pathogenic mechanisms, and immune system response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), based on recent publications in this field from March 2020 to May 2021. Interpretation keys for periodic re-emergence of coronavirus infections and other lethal viral pandemics are suggested. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) and other potential mechanisms of immune system deception are put forward. Therefore, vaccine development must take into account ADE and other unwanted side effects of immune-based medical intervention. Features reported in our review will allow both clinicians and basic science researchers to take home ideas to improve their knowledge about SARS-CoV-2.

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