Kējì Fǎxué Pínglùn (Dec 2013)
我國化學物質法制規範體系之檢討―以德國法制之觀察及比較為中心 A Review of the Legal System of Chemical Substances in Taiwan: From the Perspective of the Observation on the German Law
Abstract
化學物質法制，涉及污染管制、產品安全管制、消費者保護及勞工保護，亦涉及化學物質之管理，性質上並非單純地屬於特定法領域，而是交錯地屬於各種法領域。本文由行政法院之案例出發，得出案例爭議問題之核心，在於毒性化學物質管理法及空氣污染防制法間之關係，有待釐清。在透過對於德國法制之觀察及比較後，認識到二者在規範性質上具有本質之差異。藉由綜理我國毒性化學物質管理法歷次修正及現行行政院版修正草案之脈絡，可知該法由繼受美國法制，逐漸轉向引進歐盟REACH 規則之制度。相關觀察，皆指向基於科學不確定性、未知性及危害變異性的因素，對於化 學物質之管理應著重於資訊之掌控及分析。基於相關觀察結果，重行檢視我國化學物質法制，即可得知因未確立毒性化學物質管理法之規範性質，導致與其他化學物質法規之規範功能重疊。而2012 年毒性化學物質管理法之修正草案，不僅未能調整原法制錯亂不足之處，更未清楚認識資訊公開對於化學物質管理法制之重要性，勢必將使法制之修正受到各界挑戰。本文藉由相關研究，點出我國化學物質法制上混亂之處，建議掌握毒性化學物質管理法修法之契機，對於化學物質法制進行通盤檢討，以健全法制。 The legal system of chemicals involves the control of pollution, the regulation of product safety, and the protection of consumers as well as labours. In addition it also means a legal system of risk management of chemicals. As a result, the legal system of chemicals is not in essence a specific law field, but belongs staggered to different law fields. With an administrative court judgment as example, we will realize that the relationship between the Act of toxic chemicals and the Act of the protection against air pollution in Taiwan is not distinct to understand. Through the study on the legal system in Germany, the difference of the two Acts will be clearer. The influences of the American law and the European REACH Directive on the Act of toxic chemicals in Taiwan are clarified through the examination of its legislation and amendments. The Act of toxic chemicals should play a predominant role theoretically for the gathering, analysis and management of informations of chemicals. Unfortunately the essence of the Act of toxic chemicals is not properly met. On the other hand, the faults are not improved in the amendment draft 2012. Even the importance of the environmental information disclosure for the legal system of chemicals is still not met. All of these can cause allegations against the amendment draft 2012. In order to improve the legal system, the author notes in this essay the faults of the Act of toxic chemicals in Taiwan and point out the way for the next amendment.
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