Assessing exclusive breastfeeding knowledge and practice among women in Mbeya, Southwest Tanzania: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Introduction: Inadequate infant feeding practices pose a significant social and economic development barrier and a serious health threat for children under five worldwide. Although over 90 % of African children aged 0–5 years are breastfed, in many countries, including Tanzania, less than half of infants aged 0–6 months receive exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) as recommended by the World Health Organization. Objective: The primary objective of this study is to assess the knowledge and practices regarding EBF among women in Mbeya. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among women with children under six months attending the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) clinic at Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital (MZRH) in August 2022. Data was collected by face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Recorded information included age, level of education, marital status, occupation, number of children and other factors associated with EBF. Results: Of 371 respondents, 77.4 % had prior knowledge of EBF. However, only 52.8 % reported practicing it, while 47.2 % did not. Knowledge of EBF was significantly associated with its practice (p < 0.001). The number of children was also significantly associated with EBF practice (p = 0.002). Understanding the importance of breastfeeding was significantly associated with EBF practice (p < 0.001), as did demographic factors (p < 0.001). However, respondent age was not significantly associated with EBF practice (p = 0.643). Conclusion: The study revealed a slightly lower EBF prevalence than the national estimate, indicating a public health concern in Mbeya. Findings highlight the need for continued education and support to promote EBF among women.

Keywords

• Exclusive breastfeeding
• Practice
• Women
• A cross-sectional study
• Mbeya
• Tanzania