Nuclear Fusion (Jan 2023)
Tritium removal from JET-ILW after T and D–T experimental campaigns
- D. Matveev,
- D. Douai,
- T. Wauters,
- A. Widdowson,
- I. Jepu,
- M. Maslov,
- S. Brezinsek,
- T. Dittmar,
- I. Monakhov,
- P. Jacquet,
- P. Dumortier,
- H. Sheikh,
- R. Felton,
- C. Lowry,
- D. Ciric,
- J. Banks,
- R. Buckingham,
- H. Weisen,
- L. Laguardia,
- G. Gervasini,
- E. de la Cal,
- E. Delabie,
- Z. Ghani,
- J. Gaspar,
- J. Romazanov,
- M. Groth,
- H. Kumpulainen,
- J. Karhunen,
- S. Knipe,
- S. Aleiferis,
- T. Loarer,
- A. Meigs,
- C. Noble,
- G. Papadopoulos,
- E. Pawelec,
- S. Romanelli,
- S. Silburn,
- E. Joffrin,
- E. Tsitrone,
- F. Rimini,
- C.F. Maggi,
- JET Contributors
Affiliations
- D. Matveev
- ORCiD
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- D. Douai
- CEA Cadarache, IRFM , F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
- T. Wauters
- ORCiD
- ITER Organization , Route de Vinon-sur-Verdon, CS 90 046, F-13067 St Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France
- A. Widdowson
- ORCiD
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- I. Jepu
- ORCiD
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- M. Maslov
- ORCiD
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- S. Brezinsek
- ORCiD
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- T. Dittmar
- ORCiD
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- I. Monakhov
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- P. Jacquet
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- P. Dumortier
- ORCiD
- Laboratory for Plasma Physics, Koninklijke Militaire School—Ecole Royale Militaire , Renaissancelaan 30 Avenue de la Renaissance, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
- H. Sheikh
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- R. Felton
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- C. Lowry
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- D. Ciric
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- J. Banks
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- R. Buckingham
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- H. Weisen
- Swiss Plasma Center , Station 13, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- L. Laguardia
- Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (ISTP-CNR) , Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milan, Italy
- G. Gervasini
- Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (ISTP-CNR) , Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milan, Italy
- E. de la Cal
- ORCiD
- Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión , CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- E. Delabie
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6169, United States of America
- Z. Ghani
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- J. Gaspar
- ORCiD
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IUSTI , F-13013 Marseille, France
- J. Romazanov
- ORCiD
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- M. Groth
- ORCiD
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University , 02150 Espoo, Finland
- H. Kumpulainen
- ORCiD
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University , 02150 Espoo, Finland
- J. Karhunen
- ORCiD
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University , 02150 Espoo, Finland
- S. Knipe
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- S. Aleiferis
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- T. Loarer
- ORCiD
- CEA Cadarache, IRFM , F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
- A. Meigs
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- C. Noble
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- G. Papadopoulos
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- E. Pawelec
- ORCiD
- University of Opole, Institute of Physics , Oleska 48, Opole, Poland
- S. Romanelli
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- S. Silburn
- ORCiD
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- E. Joffrin
- CEA Cadarache, IRFM , F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
- E. Tsitrone
- CEA Cadarache, IRFM , F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
- F. Rimini
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- C.F. Maggi
- ORCiD
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre , Abingdon, OX14 3DB Oxfordshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- JET Contributors
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/acf0d4
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 63,
no. 11
p. 112014
Abstract
After the second Deuterium–Tritium Campaign (DTE2) in the JET tokamak with the ITER-Like Wall (ILW) and full tritium campaigns that preceded and followed after the DTE2, a sequence of fuel recovery methods was applied to promote tritium removal from wall components. The sequence started with several days of baking of the main chamber walls at 240 °C and at 320 °C. Subsequently, baking was superimposed with Ion-Cyclotron Wall Conditioning (ICWC) and Glow Discharge Conditioning (GDC) cleaning cycles in deuterium. Diverted plasma operation in deuterium with different strike point configurations, including a Raised Inner Strike Point (RISP) configuration, and with different plasma heating—Ion Cyclotron Resonance Frequency (ICRF) and Neutral Beam Injection (NBI)—concluded the cleaning sequence. Tritium content in plasma and in the pumped gas was monitored throughout the experiment. The applied fuel recovery methods allowed reducing the residual tritium content in deuterium NBI-heated plasmas to about 0.1% as deduced from neutron rate measurements. This value is well below the requirement of 1% set by the maximum 14 MeV fusion neutron budget allocated in the ensuing deuterium plasma campaign. The quantified tritium removal over the course of the experiment was $\left( {13.4 \pm 0.7} \right) \times {10^{22}}$ atoms or $\left( {0.67 \pm 0.03} \right)$ g with ∼58% attributed to baking, ∼12.5% to ICWC, ∼26% to GDC, and ∼3.5% to first low power RISP plasmas. The experimentally estimated amount of removed tritium is in good agreement with long-term tritium accounting by the JET tritium reprocessing plant, in which the unaccounted amount was reduced by $0.71$ g after the cleaning experiment.
Keywords