Identification of the most appropriate adaptation for rice and wheat in the face of climate change in eastern India

Abstract

The changing climate affects natural resources that impart a negative impact on crop yield and food security. It is thus imperative to identify agro-climate wise, area-specific adaptation options to ensure food security. This study, therefore, evaluated some feasible adaptation options for two staple food grain crops, rice and wheat, in different agro-climatic regions (ACRs) of Eastern India. Alteration in transplanting date, seedling age, and fertilizer management (rate and split of fertilizer) for rice; and sowing date, fertilizer management, and deficit irrigation scheduling for wheat, are assessed as adaptation options. The crop environment and resource synthesis (DSSAT) model is used to simulate the crop yield using different plausible adaptation options to projected climate scenarios. Findings show that shifting transplanting/sowing date, and nitrogen fertilizer application at 120% of recommended nitrogen dose with four splits could be an effective adaptation for rice and wheat crops. Results also emphasize that transplanting of 18 days older seedlings may be beneficial in rice cultivation. In contrast, irrigation at a 30–40% deficit of maximum available water would sustain the wheat yield under climate change conditions. This study suggests the best combination of adaptation options under climate change conditions in diverse ACRs, which may assist agriculturists in coping with climate change. HIGHLIGHTS Feasible adaptation options for rice and wheat to lessen climate change impact are evaluated.; Shifting transplanting/sowing date, N-application at 120% of recommended dose with four splits have shown sustainable adaptability for rice and wheat in the future.; Transplanting of 18 days older seedlings may reduce the rice yield decline in the future.; Irrigation at 30–40% deficit may sustain the wheat yield under climate change.;

Keywords

• adaptation options
• agro-climate region
• ceres
• climate change
• rice
• wheat