Can anthropometric indices predict the chance of hypertension? A multicentre cross-sectional study in Iran

Abstract

Objectives This study aims to assess the prevalence of hypertension (HTN), and determine the relationship between HTN and anthropometric indices including fat distribution, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in Shiraz Heart Study.Setting In this cross-sectional study, subjects were enrolled in 25 clinics in Shiraz. I.R. Iran between 2019 and 2021.Participants A total number of 7225 individuals were selected, aged between 40 and 70 years of whom 52.3% were female. Among the people living in Shiraz, individuals living far from clinics, cases of mental or physical disabilitiy and documented cardiovascular diseases were excluded.Primary and secondary outcome measures Primary outcome: The association of body composition, WHR, WHtR and BMI with HTN.Secondary outcome: The sensitivity and specificity of the WHtR for the prediction of HTN.Results HTN prevalence was 19.3%. Obesity prevalence was estimated to be 28.5%. WHR and lean body mass showed a significant association with HTN (p<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic for WHtR yielded an area under the curve of 0.62 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.64) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.65) for males and females, respectively. The optimal threshold value yielded 0.54 in men and 0.61 in women. The sensitivity was 72.3% and 73.9% in women and men, with specificity of 48.4% and 44.3%, respectively.Conclusion HTN had a meaningful association with all the noted anthropometric indices. WHtR performed well as a predictor of HTN.