Morphological features and morphometric indices of the mucous membranes of different parts of the intestines of broiler chickens for feeding feeds with probiotic additive
Abstract
The article presents the results of histological, histochemical searches and histomorphometric indices of villous height, depth of the crypt of the mucous membrane of the duodenum, jejunum and caecum of broiler chickens, fed a feed with probiotic additive «Probion forte» at a dose of 1 g/kg for 42 days in a row. The experiments were carried out on broiler chickens of the «Kobb-500» breed under vivarium conditions. Two experimental groups of broiler chickens were formed, with a body weight of 37–40 g, with 30 heads in each: First group was received feed with the probiotic «Probion forte» at a dose of 1 g/kg, and the second-control group, which was fed the main ration without the addition of any preparation. At 15, 30 and 42 days of the experiment, 10 chicks from each group were withdrawn from the experiment, an autopsy was carried out and samples from the duodenum, jejunum and the i caecum were taken, which were fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution, Carnoua and Buena liquid, followed by paraffin filling. Gisto-cutters were made, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, by Stidman and McManus. For the histological, histochemical, histomorphometric search of the mucous membrane of the duodenum, jejunum and caecum of chickens of the experimental group, It was established that the use of «Probion forte» in a dose of 1 g/kg with food for chicken broilers in the process of growth and development was contributed to: activation of the mitotic and synthesizing functions of cells, active hyperplastic and hypertrophic processes in the structural elements of the mucous membrane of the investigated sections of the intestines of broiler chickens, as a result of which was expressed by an increase in the height of the villi and the depth of the crypts. In the broiler chickens of the experimental group it was most likely increased the height of the villi in the duodenum at 15 and 42 days; in the jejunum, the probable increase in the height of the villi was noted at 15 and 30 days, and in the caecum - at 30 and 42 days of the experiment. At the same time, the height of columnar epitheliocytes, which was located on the villi of the jejunum of animals of the I group, was 31.5 μm and 24.9 μm in control. At the same time, active formation of mucus-like cells of the duodenum, jejunum and caecum, rich in glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins, has been established, which contributed to the formation of a thick mucosal biofilm. The latter serves as a liquid phase in which the movement of cells is carried out, as well as an important barrier to the action of enzymes, pathogens and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. An increase in the number of columnar epithelial cells and cello-like cells of the villi of the intestinal mucus was aimed at improving parietal digestion, absorption and enhancement of the protective function.
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