Development of Salt Induced Liquid–Liquid Extraction Combined with Amine Based Deep Eutectic Solvent-Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction; An Efficient Analytical Method for Determination of Three Anti-Seizures in Urine Samples

Abstract

Background: A simple, fast, efficient, and environmentally friendly microextraction technique named salt induced liquid-liquid extraction combined with amine based deep eutectic solvent-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector was applied for the determination of some anti-seizure drugs in urine samples. Methods: In this method, sodium chloride (30% w/v) was dissolved in the sample solution (adjusted at pH=10) as phase separation agent and iso–propanol was added to the solution. After manually shaking, the solution was centrifuged and the supernatant phase was removed and mixed with choline chloride: benzyl ethylenediamine (85 µL) and the mixture was rapidly dispersed into a deionized water containing 5.0 % w/v, sodium chloride and adjusted at pH=10. The cloudy solution was centrifuged and the sedimented phase was removed and 1 µL of it was injected into the determination system. Results: Under final conditions, the limits of detection and quantification at the ranges of 3.4-6.9, and 11.5-23.3 ng mL-1 were obtained, respectively. The relative standard deviations for intra- and inter day assays were lower than 10.9%. The effect of exogenous and endogenous effect on the performance of the method was studied and the results showed that these factors were nearly effect less on the efficiency. Conclusion: The introduced method was satisfactorily utilized to determinate the selected benzodiazepines drugs in the patients’ urine samples.

Keywords

• benzodiazepines
• microextraction
• deep eutectic solvents
• gas chromatography
• urine