Спортивная медицина: наука и практика (Aug 2020)
Influence of voluntary hypoventilation breathing on the functional state and physical working capacity of a person at different intensity regimes of physical load
Abstract
Objective: to study the effect of voluntary hypoventilation breathing on the functional state and physical working capacity of a person under various physical load on a bicycle ergometer to failure. Materials and methods: in the survey 14 young volunteers took part in the survey performing physical work on the bicycle ergometer to the point of refusal. Surveys were conducted 4 times: 2 times before training in voluntary hypoventilation breathing and 2 times after. Voluntary hypoventilation breathing was taught for 30 days. Breathing trainings aimed at forming a subject's narrowed breathing underlied the training of voluntary hypoventilation breathing. The subjects' condition was examined sequentially during rest, 60 W warm-up, physical load and recovery after the load. The physical load was at 120 W or 160 W. During work ECG was recorded in two leads: I standard and V5 thoracic. Simultaneously, a pneumogram and EMG from the quadriceps muscle of the right thigh was recorded. The time of physical work to failure was measured. Before and after the examination, the breath-holding time by inhalation was measured. Results: voluntary hypoventilation breathing increased the hypoxic stability and physical working capacity of the subjects at 120 W and 160 W loads. The greater the load, the shorter the time of physical work to failure. Refusal to continue physical work occurred immediately after overcoming the threshold of aerobic-anaerobic metabolism. In contrast to the 120 W physical load, the 160 W load is accompanied by a higher excitability of the ECG sinus node, slower intraventricular conduction, a higher level of sympathetic influences on the heart, but a better oxygen supply of the myocardium. Conclusions: the greater intensity of physical activity, the more pronounced adaptive shifts in the body of subjects under the influence of voluntary hypoventilation breathing.
