Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery (Apr 1998)

Pré-condicionamento precoce da medula espinal isquêmica: pesquisa em coelhos

  • Albert Amin SADER,
  • Leila Maria Cardão CHIMELLI,
  • Soraya Lopes SADER,
  • José BARBIERI NETO,
  • Joaquim COUTINHO NETO,
  • José Eduardo de Salles ROSELINO,
  • Sebastião Assis MAZZETTO

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-76381998000200008
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13, no. 2
p. 146

Abstract

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Investigou-se a possibilidade de desencadear o fenômeno do pré-condicionamento, imediatamente antes da esquemia de 30 minutos, como meio adicional de proteção medular nos casos de pinçamento aórtico prolongado. Oitenta e sete coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia, distribuídos em 6 grupos, foram estudados. A isquemia medular resultou do pinçamento (P) da aorta abdominal, imediatamente após a origem da artéria renal esquerda. Estimulou-se o pré-condicionamento por curtos e repetidos períodos de isquemia, assinalados no texto por grifo, seguidos por variáveis tempos de reperfusão. Grupo I - Controle: 20 animais tiveram a aorta pinçada por 30 min. Dois (10%) recuperaram integralmente a motricidade e a sensibilidade das patas posteriores e cauda; 18 (90%) tornaram-se paraplégicos. Grupo II - Operação simulada: 10 (100%) animais operados como os do grupo anterior, exceto pelo não pinçamento da aorta, recuperaram plenamente as funções sensitivo-motoras. Grupo III - Pré-condicionamento: 10 animais - (P) 1 min ®15 min ®(P) 30 min® reperfusão final. Todos (100%) tornaram-se paraplégicos. Grupo IV - Pré-condicionamento: 6 animais - (P) 1 min ®5 min ®(P) 2 min ®5 min ®(P) 2 min ®5 min (P) 30 min ®reperfusão final. Cinco (83,33%) coelhos ficaram paraplégicos e 1 (16,66%) ficou monoplégico. Grupo V - Clorpromazina: 20 animais receberam clorpromazina por via endovenosa, na dose de 2 mg/kg peso, 10 min antes do pinçamento aórtico. Onze (55%) tiveram recuperação sensitivo-motora integral e 9(45%), ficaram paraplégicos. Grupo VI - Clorpromazina + pré-condicionamento: 21 animais receberam a clorpromazina como os do grupo anterior, sendo pré-condicionados da forma (P) 1 min ® 5 min ®(P) 1 min ® 5 min ®(P) 30 min ® reperfusão final. Nove 42,8%) tiveram recuperação sensitivo-motora integral e 2 (9,52%), recuperação parcial. Os demais (47,68%) ficaram paraplégicos. A análise estatística demonstrou não haver diferença significativa entre os resultados dos grupos III e IV, e quando ambos foram comparados com o grupo I. Não foi significativa a diferença entre os grupos V e VI, mas foi significativa quando ambos foram comparados com o grupo I (pEarly preconditioning of the spinal cord was investigated in rabbits, as an eventual protection mechanism, immediately before a 30 min ischemic period. Eight-seven New Zealand rabbits divided into 6 groups were assigned to the study. Ischemia of the spinal cord was induced by crossclamping (C) the abdominal aorta distal to the emergence of the left renal artery. Preconditioning was stimulated by short and sometimes repetitive ischemic periods, underlined in the text, and followed by different periods of reperfusion. Group I - Control: In 20 animals the aorta was crossclamped for 30 min. In two of them (10%) motricity and sensitivity of the hind-legs and tail were entirely restored; the other 18(90%) became paraplegic. Group II - Sham operation: 10 animals were operated as the ones in the previous group except for the fact that the aorta was not clamped. All of them (100%) had their sensitive and motor functions entirely restored. Group III - Preconditioning: 10 animals - (C) 1 min ® 15 min® (C) 30 min ® final reperfusion. All animals became paraplegic. Group IV - Preconditioning: 6 animals - (C) 1 min ® 5 min® (C) 2 min ® 5 min ® (C) 2 min ® 5 min ® (C) 30 min final reperfusion. Five rabgbits (83,33%) became paraplegic and 1 (16,66%) became monoplegic. Group V - Chlorpromazine: 20 animals were given chlorpromazine, intravenously, 2 mg/kg, 10 min before aortic crossclamping. Eleven animals (55%) had their sensitive and motor functions reestablished and 9 (45%) became paraplegic. Group VI - Clorpromazine + preconditioning: 21 animals were given chlorpromazine as those of group V and were preconditioned as follows: (C) 1 min ® 5 min ® (C) 1 min ® 5 min ® (C) 30 min ® final reperfusion. Nine animals (32.8%) recovered the sensitive and motor functions and 2(9.52%) experienced partial recovery. The remaining ones (47.68%) became paraplegic. Statistical analysis of the results demonstrated that: 1) there was no significant difference between groups III and IV, and when both of them were compared to group I (p ® 5 min ® (C) 1 min ® 5 min ® (C) 30 min ® 5 h reperfusion. The percentage of ischemic neuronal cells showed a great dispersion of values, with no significant difference between groups, considering the median of those values (p < 0.005).

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