Demographic Comparison of the Burden of Endoscopically Screenable Cancers in the United States

Abstract

Background and Aims: Gastrointestinal cancer incidence varies by race and ethnicity. In the United States (US), there are screening guidelines for esophageal cancer (EC) and colorectal cancer (CRC), but not gastric cancer (GC). We compared GC, CRC, and EC incidence among the most populous racial and ethnic groups to inform US interception strategies. Methods: We used SEER∗Stat to compare GC, CRC, and EC incidence rates across non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and the 8 largest Asian American populations using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 9 registries (2010–2014). Results: Noncardia GC incidence was highest among Korean (18.7 cases per 100,000) and lowest among NHW (1.4 cases per 100,000) Americans. CRC incidence was highest among non-Hispanic Black, Southeast Asian, and Japanese (35.9, 34.2, and 33.8 per 100,000, respectively) Americans and lowest among South Asian Americans (18.9 per 100,000). EC incidence was greatest in NHW (4.7 per 100,000) and lowest in Filipino (1.2 per 100,000) Americans. The incidence of noncardia GC slightly exceeded colon cancer in Korean American men (25.5 vs 22.4 per 100,000). GC surpassed EC incidence in all non-White racial and ethnic groups. Conclusion: The burden of GC, CRC, and EC differs based on race and ethnicity. Non-White racial and ethnic groups experience a disproportionate burden of GC for which systematic programs for cancer interception, similar to CRC and EC, are needed.

Keywords

• Colorectal Neoplasms
• Disparities
• Early Detection of Cancer
• Esophageal Neoplasms
• Stomach Neoplasms