Surgical aspects of the treatment of epithelial pilonidal cyst: from primary sources to the present (a review of literature)

Abstract

To date, surgical treatment of the pilonidal disease (PD), despite the variety of proposed methods, remains an extremely urgent problem. PD is an inflammatory process of the soft tissues of the coccygeal region, which, along with a decrease in the quality of life, can lead to a sufficiently prolonged disability. Considering that this pathology is mainly found in the able-bodied population, pilonidal disease is a socio-economic problem. PD was first described in detail in the XIX century. Since the first mention of the disease to this day, researchers have proposed various methods of surgical treatment. In the arsenal of a modern surgeon, there are traditional excision methods of surgical treatment, as well as modern minimally invasive methods of operations. However, until now, scientists have not found a method of intervention that would combine the rapid healing time of a postoperative wound and a low percentage of relapse of the disease. In addition, until now, a single surgical tactic for such patients has not been developed. The literature review presents in detail both traditional methods of PD surgery and modern methods of surgical treatment of pilonidal sinus. In addition, the issues of epidemiology are consecrated, historical information is presented.

Keywords

• pilonidal disease
• pilonidal sinus
• excision
• minimally invasive intervention
• endoscopic methods