The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2024)
Ionized Gas Kinematics with FRESCO: An Extended, Massive, Rapidly Rotating Galaxy at z = 5.4
- Erica Nelson,
- Gabriel Brammer,
- Clara Giménez-Arteaga,
- Pascal A. Oesch,
- Rohan P. Naidu,
- Hannah Übler,
- Jasleen Matharu,
- Alice E. Shapley,
- Katherine E. Whitaker,
- Emily Wisnioski,
- Natascha M. Förster Schreiber,
- Renske Smit,
- Pieter van Dokkum,
- John Chisholm,
- Ryan Endsley,
- Abigail I. Hartley,
- Justus Gibson,
- Emma Giovinazzo,
- Garth Illingworth,
- Ivo Labbe,
- Michael V. Maseda,
- Jorryt Matthee,
- Alba Covelo Paz,
- Sedona H. Price,
- Naveen A. Reddy,
- Irene Shivaei,
- Andrea Weibel,
- Stijn Wuyts,
- Mengyuan Xiao,
- Stacey Alberts,
- William M. Baker,
- Andrew J. Bunker,
- Alex J. Cameron,
- Stephane Charlot,
- Daniel J. Eisenstein,
- Anna de Graaff,
- Zhiyuan Ji,
- Benjamin D. Johnson,
- Gareth C. Jones,
- Roberto Maiolino,
- Brant Robertson,
- Lester Sandles,
- Katherine A. Suess,
- Sandro Tacchella,
- Christina C. Williams,
- Joris Witstok
Affiliations
- Erica Nelson
- ORCiD
- Department for Astrophysical and Planetary Science, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Gabriel Brammer
- ORCiD
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, København N, DK-2200, Denmark
- Clara Giménez-Arteaga
- ORCiD
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, København N, DK-2200, Denmark
- Pascal A. Oesch
- ORCiD
- Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, København N, DK-2200, Denmark; Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
- Rohan P. Naidu
- ORCiD
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Hannah Übler
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Jasleen Matharu
- ORCiD
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, København N, DK-2200, Denmark
- Alice E. Shapley
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, 430 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Katherine E. Whitaker
- ORCiD
- Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, København N, DK-2200, Denmark; Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Emily Wisnioski
- ORCiD
- Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) , Australia
- Natascha M. Förster Schreiber
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Renske Smit
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
- Pieter van Dokkum
- ORCiD
- Astronomy Department, Yale University , 52 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- John Chisholm
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA
- Ryan Endsley
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA
- Abigail I. Hartley
- ORCiD
- Department for Astrophysical and Planetary Science, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Justus Gibson
- ORCiD
- Department for Astrophysical and Planetary Science, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Emma Giovinazzo
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
- Garth Illingworth
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Ivo Labbe
- ORCiD
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology , Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
- Michael V. Maseda
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin–Madison , 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Jorryt Matthee
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich , Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland; Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) , Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Alba Covelo Paz
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
- Sedona H. Price
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and PITT PACC, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Naveen A. Reddy
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Irene Shivaei
- ORCiD
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB) , CSIC-INTA, Ctra. de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, E-28850, Madrid, Spain
- Andrea Weibel
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
- Stijn Wuyts
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Mengyuan Xiao
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva , Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
- Stacey Alberts
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- William M. Baker
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Andrew J. Bunker
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- Alex J. Cameron
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- Stephane Charlot
- ORCiD
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris , 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
- Daniel J. Eisenstein
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Anna de Graaff
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- Zhiyuan Ji
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Benjamin D. Johnson
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Gareth C. Jones
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
- Roberto Maiolino
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Brant Robertson
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Lester Sandles
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Katherine A. Suess
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology and Department of Physics, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Sandro Tacchella
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Christina C. Williams
- ORCiD
- NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Joris Witstok
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad7b17
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 976,
no. 2
p. L27
Abstract
With the remarkable sensitivity and resolution of JWST in the infrared, measuring rest-optical kinematics of galaxies at z > 5 has become possible for the first time. This study pilots a new method for measuring galaxy dynamics for highly multiplexed, unbiased samples by combining FRESCO NIRCam grism spectroscopy and JADES medium-band imaging. Here we present one of the first JWST kinematic measurements for a galaxy at z > 5. We find a significant velocity gradient, which, if interpreted as rotation, yields V _rot = 305 ± 70 km s ^−1 , and we hence refer to this galaxy as Twister-z5. With a rest-frame optical effective radius of r _e = 2.25 kpc, the high rotation velocity in this galaxy is not due to a compact size, as may be expected in the early Universe, but rather to a high total mass, $\mathrm{log}({M}_{\mathrm{dyn}}/{M}_{\odot })=11.2\pm 0.2$ . This is a factor of roughly 10× higher than the stellar mass within r _e . We also observe that the radial H α equivalent width profile and the specific star formation rate map from resolved stellar population modeling are centrally depressed by a factor of ∼1.5 from the center to r _e . Combined with the morphology of the line-emitting gas in comparison to the continuum, this centrally suppressed star formation is consistent with a star-forming disk surrounding a bulge growing inside out. While large, rapidly rotating disks are common to z ∼ 2, the existence of one after only 1 Gyr of cosmic time, shown for the first time in ionized gas, adds to the growing evidence that some galaxies matured earlier than expected in the history of the Universe.
Keywords
- High-redshift galaxies
- Galaxy kinematics
- Galaxy spectroscopy
- Galaxy bulges
- Galaxy disks
- Galaxy dynamics
