Incidence of Drug-Resistant Hospital-Associated Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, the Accompanying Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes with Treatment

Lorina Badger-Emeka; Abdullatif S. Al Rashed; Reem Y. Aljindan; Promise Madu Emeka; Sayed A. Quadri; Hayfa Habes Almutairi

doi:10.3390/antibiotics12091425

Antibiotics (Sep 2023)

Incidence of Drug-Resistant Hospital-Associated Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, the Accompanying Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes with Treatment

Lorina Badger-Emeka,
Abdullatif S. Al Rashed,
Reem Y. Aljindan,
Promise Madu Emeka,
Sayed A. Quadri,
Hayfa Habes Almutairi

Affiliations

Lorina Badger-Emeka: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
Abdullatif S. Al Rashed: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
Reem Y. Aljindan: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
Promise Madu Emeka: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
Sayed A. Quadri: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
Hayfa Habes Almutairi: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12091425
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 12, no. 9
p. 1425

Abstract

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Extensive drug resistance to bacterial infections in hospitalised patients is accompanied by high morbidity and mortality rates due to limited treatment options. This study investigated the clinical outcomes of single and combined antibiotic therapies in extensive (XDR), multidrug-resistant (MDR) and susceptible strains (SS) of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Cases of hospital-associated drug-resistant infections (HADRIs) and a few susceptible strains from hospital wards were selected for this study. Bacteria identifications (IDs) and antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs) were performed with a Vitek 2 Compact Automated System. Patients’ treatment types and clinical outcomes were classified as alive improved (AI), alive not improved (ANI), or died. The length of hospital stay (LOHS) was acquired from hospital records. The HAI pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii (28%), Escherichia coli (26%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (22%), Klebsiella (2%) species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12%), Proteus mirabilis (4%), and other Enterobacteriaceae. They were MDR (40.59%), XDR (24.75%), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE, 21.78%) and susceptible (12%) strains. The treatments were either monotherapy or combined therapy with different outcomes. Monotherapy produced positive significant outcomes with E. coli infections, while for P. aeruginosa, there were no differences between the number of infections treated with either mono/combined therapies (50% each). Nonetheless, combined therapy had significant effects (p A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae infections. Clinical outcomes and LOHS varied with infecting bacteria. The prevalence of XDR and MDR HAIs was found to be significantly high, with no association with treatment type, LOHS, or outcome.

Published in Antibiotics

ISSN: 2079-6382 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Medicine: Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Website: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/antibiotics

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