原漢族群、家庭背景與高中職入學考試基測成績、教育分流：以臺東縣為例 Aboriginals and Hans, Family Background and Their Relationship with the Basic Competence Test, and Educational Tracking: A Study in Taitung

Abstract

臺灣地區原住民比率最高、社經背景最低落，且基測成績最差的臺東縣，原漢族群與家庭背景對高中職入學考試基測成績，以及是否升學與所升上的教育分流有何影響？非常值得探討，然而，研究者未見國內有關這方面的研究。本研究根據「臺東縣教育長期資料庫」所蒐集的2006 年高中職入學考試基測成績與升學結果資料做分析。研究結果顯示：雖然整體升學率已接近100%，不同出身背景者幾乎都能升學而没多大不同，可是漢人升上出路最佳的公立高中比率仍比原住民高出許多，原住民學生升上出路最差的私立高職比率仍較漢人高出許多。原住民在入學考試雖享有加分三分之一的優待，不過由於原始成績低於漢人許多，加分後的成績與所升上教育分流的出路仍比漢人差了不少；而原住民成績比漢人低許多，重要原因是家庭背景較差。 Taitung, a county known for having the highest percentage of Aboriginal population and lowest SES (Socioeconomic status) of residents in Taiwan, is ranked the lowest in the Basic Competence Test. What effects do Aboriginal and Han ethnic groups and their respective family backgrounds have on their Basic Competence Test scores, their enrollment to upper secondary education, and educational tracking? According to our literature review, no study has yet addressed this question. The data of this study were obtained from the “Taitung Educational Panel Survey.” By compiling the Basic Competence Test scores and enrollment information collected in 2006, the above question was examined. The main findings are as follows. Although the overall student enrollment of upper secondary education was approximately 100 percent regardless of student background, the enrollment rate of Han students in public senior high schools (which has been deemed the optimal educational tracking measure for future socioeconomic status attainment) was far higher than that of Aboriginal students. The enrollment rate of Aboriginal students in private vocational schools (deemed the least optimal educational tracking measure for future status attainment) was far higher than that of Han students. Despite the fact that Aboriginal students were granted an additional one-third on their original scores on the Basic Competence Test, Aboriginal student scores were still much lower than Han students; and so was the future status attainment following their educational tracking. It was found that their disadvantageous family background is the main factor explaining their lower academic performance.

Keywords

• 家庭背景
• 原漢族群
• 教育分流
• 基測成績
• family background
• Aboriginals and Hans
• educational tracking
• Basic Competence Test score