Reinforcement Learning Based Vocal Fold Localization in Preoperative Neck CT for Injection Laryngoplasty

Abstract

Transcutaneous injection laryngoplasty is a well-known procedure for treating a paralyzed vocal fold by injecting augmentation material to it. Hence, vocal fold localization plays a vital role in the preoperative planning, as the fold location is required to determine the optimal injection route. In this communication, we propose a mirror environment based reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm for localizing the right and left vocal folds in preoperative neck CT. RL-based methods commonly showed noteworthy outcomes in general anatomic landmark localization problems in recent years. However, such methods suggest training individual agents for localizing each fold, although the right and left vocal folds are located in close proximity and have high feature-similarity. Utilizing the lateral symmetry between the right and left vocal folds, the proposed mirror environment allows for a single agent for localizing both folds by treating the left fold as a flipped version of the right fold. Thus, localization of both folds can be trained using a single training session that utilizes the inter-fold correlation and avoids redundant feature learning. Experiments with 120 CT volumes showed improved localization performance and training efficiency of the proposed method compared with the standard RL method.

Keywords

• injection laryngoplasty
• neck CT
• vocal fold localization
• deep learning
• reinforcement learning
• mirror environment