Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection (Dec 2024)
Surveillance of pathogenic yeasts in hospital environments in Taiwan in 2020
- De-Jiun Tsai,
- Li-Yun Hsieh,
- Pei-Jung Chung,
- Yin-Zhi Chen,
- Yi-Jyun Jhou,
- Kuo-Yun Tseng,
- Chia-Jui Yang,
- Yen-Cheng Yeh,
- Seng-Yi Lin,
- Susan Shin-Jung Lee,
- Ting-I Wu,
- Tsung-Ta Chiang,
- Chien-Hsuan Chou,
- Wei-Chieh Miu,
- Po-Yu Liu,
- Chin-Te Lu,
- Yuan-Ti Lee,
- Yu-Ling Syu,
- Gwo-Jong Hsu,
- Yee-Chun Chen,
- Nan-Yao Lee,
- Chang-Hua Chen,
- Ching-Cheng Yang,
- Lih-Shinn Wang,
- Jien-Wei Liu,
- Chin-Chuan Kao,
- Ya-Ting Chang,
- Keh-Sen Liu,
- Bor-Shen Hu,
- Che-Han Hsu,
- Yi-Ching Huang,
- Hsiu-Jung Lo
Affiliations
- De-Jiun Tsai
- Taiwan Mycology Reference Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Li-Yun Hsieh
- Taiwan Mycology Reference Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Pei-Jung Chung
- Taiwan Mycology Reference Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Yin-Zhi Chen
- Taiwan Mycology Reference Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Yi-Jyun Jhou
- Taiwan Mycology Reference Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Kuo-Yun Tseng
- Taiwan Mycology Reference Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Chia-Jui Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Yen-Cheng Yeh
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Seng-Yi Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Camillians Saint Mary's Hospital Luodong, Yilan County, Taiwan
- Susan Shin-Jung Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Ting-I Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Tsung-Ta Chiang
- Division of Infection, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chien-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sin Lau Hospital, The Presbyterian Church of Taiwan, Tainan, Taiwan
- Wei-Chieh Miu
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Mennonite Christian Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- Po-Yu Liu
- Division of Infection, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chin-Te Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan County, Taiwan
- Yuan-Ti Lee
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Yu-Ling Syu
- Infection Control Office, Hua-Lien Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Hualien, Taiwan
- Gwo-Jong Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Yee-Chun Chen
- Center for Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Nan-Yao Lee
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Chang-Hua Chen
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan
- Ching-Cheng Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Lih-Shinn Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Jien-Wei Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Chin-Chuan Kao
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ya-Ting Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Keh-Sen Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Bor-Shen Hu
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Heping Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Che-Han Hsu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cheng Ching Hospital Chung Kang Branch, Taichung, Taiwan
- Yi-Ching Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Hsiu-Jung Lo
- Taiwan Mycology Reference Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Corresponding author. Taiwan Mycology Reference Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan.
- Journal volume & issue
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Vol. 57,
no. 6
pp. 947 – 956
Abstract
Background: A predominate azole-resistant Candida tropicalis clade 4 genotype causing candidemia has been detected in not only Taiwan but also China, Singapore, and Australia. It can also be detected on fruit surfaces. In addition to determining distribution and drug susceptibilities of pathogenic yeasts in environments of intensive care units of 25 hospitals in Taiwan, we would also like to investigate whether the azole-resistant C. tropicalis exists in Taiwan's hospital environment. Methods: The swabs of hospital environments were collected from August to November in 2020 and were cultured for yeasts. The yeasts were identified by rDNA sequence and the antifungal susceptibilities of those isolates were determined by the broth microdilution method. Results: The average yeast-culture rate of hospitals was 9.4% (217/2299). Sinks had the highest yeast-positive culture rate (32.7%), followed by bedside tables (28.9%), floors (26.0%), water-dispenser buttons (23.8%), and TV controller/touch panels (19.0%). Of 262 identified isolates, Candida parapsilosis was the most common species, accounting for 22.1%, followed by Filobasidium uniguttulatum (18.3%), Candida albicans (9.5%), C. tropicalis (8.0%), Candida glabrata (Nakaseomyces glabratus) (6.9%), and 30 other species (35.1%). Of the 21 C. tropicalis isolates from 11 units in 9 hospitals, 15 diploid sequence types (DSTs) were identified. The two DST506 fluconazole-resistant ones belonged to clade 4. Conclusion: We detected not only various pathogenic yeast species but also the predominant clade 4 genotype of azole-resistant C. tropicalis. Our findings highlight and re-emphasize the importance of regular cleaning and disinfection practices.
