Baština (Jan 2018)
The choice of the best political regime: Theoretical disccussion
Abstract
The issue of the best political regime was always drawing the attention of political philosophers, and sociologists. That thread extends from Plato, Aristotle via medieval, and new era thinkers until these days. This issue becomes particularly important since there are tendencies of political regimes deteriorations - each right political regime gets its counterpart (tyranny/monarchy, oligarchy/aristocracy, and republic/democracy). The choice of the best political regime is linked with teleological character of human nature. As per Montesquieu, the basic objective of the government is maintenance of order, laws, political freedom, and property of the individual. That is the reason why Montesquieu opposes absolute monarchy of France of that period, and favours English system of reign. The issue of the best political regime with Hobbes may be drawn from his philosophical considerations, and may be linked with states, and individuals objectives - that objective is prosaic, and simple personified in the name of 'survival'. Alexis de Tocqueville, the issue of the best political regime does not to be posed. It is, inevitably, democracy since during his analysis of the political system of USA, absolute monarchies became out of fashion, and monarchs became the ones who reigns but does not governs. Thus, governing is left to representative body, executives, and judicial one.
