Aplikasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) pada pembibitan untuk menekan kejadian penyakit busuk pangkal batang kelapa sawit

Abstract

Ganoderma boninense is the main pathogen in oil palm plantation areas and can infect new plants, thereby shortening the economic life of the crop cycle. Until now, no effective control measure has been found to minimize the incidence of this basal stem rot (BSR) disease. Preventive control strategy through replanting and applying Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma sp. in the nursery can be an approach in controlling BSR disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of AMF and Trichoderma sp. as biocontrol agents in the oil palm nursery on the incidence of BSR in the field. The treatments were types (MM, MR, and MT) and dosages (25, 50 and 75 g per seedlings) of AMF products and each treatment was replicated three times. AMF was applied at the main-nursery stage and at the time of planting in the field. Observations were made on AMF and Trichoderma sp. spore density and AMF colonization on the plants at 4, 5, 6, and 7 year-olds, while the incidence of BSR was observed for ten years, from one year before replanting up to 8 year-old. The experimental design carried out was a randomized block design. The results showed that the MM-25 treatment was the best treatment in terms of AMF colonization percentage (98%) and total AMF spores (688 spores per 100 g soil) at seven year-old plant. However, the population of Trichoderma sp. showed inconsistent numbers during the observation. Before replanting, the oil palm plantation area showed a BSR incidence of 21.37%. However, after replanting with the application of AMF and Trichoderma sp. on the seedlings, the incidence of BSR has become 0% until the plants at eight year-old. In general, the application of AMF reduced the BSR incidence on oil palm in the field.

Keywords

• biocontrol agents
• basal stem rot
• amp
• oil palm
• replanting